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mangifera_indica_l [2019/02/08 17:03]
andreas
mangifera_indica_l [2019/04/28 09:32]
andreas
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 Evergreen tree, up to 45m high, native to India, cultivated elsewhere. \\ Evergreen tree, up to 45m high, native to India, cultivated elsewhere. \\
 "The species appears to have been domesticated in India at around 2000 BC. The species was brought to East Asia around 400-500 BC from India; next, in the 15th century to the Philippines; and then, in the 16th century to Africa and Brazil by the Portuguese." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangifera_indica]] "The species appears to have been domesticated in India at around 2000 BC. The species was brought to East Asia around 400-500 BC from India; next, in the 15th century to the Philippines; and then, in the 16th century to Africa and Brazil by the Portuguese." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangifera_indica]]
 +
 +Quantitative HRGC of concentrates of fresh Indian Alphonso mango fruit pulp revealed a considerable quantity of aroma compounds (57ppm) of which 90% consisted of mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Major constituents included (Z)-ocimene (44ppm), (E)-ocimene (3ppm) and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (2ppm). \\
 +[Idsteom, Heinz, and Peter Schreier. "Volatile constituents of Alphonso mango (Mangifera indica)." Phytochemistry 24.10 (1985): 2313-2316]
  
 "The aroma volatiles of the Kensington cultivar of mango were analysed using routine procedures, and results compared with those for other cultivars. In total, 58 constituents were positively identified, including 36 not previously reported for this cultivar, and seven not previously described for any cultivar of mango. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major group of volatiles (at ca 49% w/w of the total volatiles) with α-terpinolene as the most abundant single constituent (ca 26%), but esters were unusually also major components (16 ca 33%). The latter probably contribute to the unique mango flavour of this cultivar, together with certain lactones important in peach flavour." \\  "The aroma volatiles of the Kensington cultivar of mango were analysed using routine procedures, and results compared with those for other cultivars. In total, 58 constituents were positively identified, including 36 not previously reported for this cultivar, and seven not previously described for any cultivar of mango. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major group of volatiles (at ca 49% w/w of the total volatiles) with α-terpinolene as the most abundant single constituent (ca 26%), but esters were unusually also major components (16 ca 33%). The latter probably contribute to the unique mango flavour of this cultivar, together with certain lactones important in peach flavour." \\ 
 [Volatile aroma constituents of mango (cv Kensington). MacLeod, A. J., Macleod, G., Snyder, C. H., Phytochemistry, Vol.27(7), 1988, 2189-2193] [Volatile aroma constituents of mango (cv Kensington). MacLeod, A. J., Macleod, G., Snyder, C. H., Phytochemistry, Vol.27(7), 1988, 2189-2193]
 +
 +"Studies on mango aroma indicate the importance of a mixture of nine volatile lactones to good mango aroma... Since mango aroma and flavor vary widely among cultivars, there is no one typical formulation of flavor components of this fruit." \\
 +Lactones as specific flavor components in mango puree were e.g. (cvs. Alphonso/Baladi, ppb): γ-butyrolactone (50/50), γ-valerolactone (20/20), γ-hexalactone (50/40), γ-octalactone (150/500), δ-octalactone (30/50),  γ-nonalactone (30/40), δ-nonalactone (50/40), γ-decalactone (50/40), and δ-decalactone (20/40). \\ 
 +[„Flavors and Fragrances. A World Perspective,“ ed. by B. M. Lawrence, B. D. Mookherjee, and B. J. Wilis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1988, 283-294] \\
 +[Wilson III, Charles W., Philip E. Shaw, and Robert J. Knight Jr. "Importance of some lactones and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone to mango (Mangifera indica L.) aroma." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38.7 (1990): 1556-1559]
 +
 +Mango flavor is considered the prototype of exotic fruit flavors. Among the characteristic substances there are 14 different γ-lactones with 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which are also found in the aromas of peaches, nectarines, apricots and coconut. \\
 +[Ohloff, Günther. Irdische Düfte Himmlische Lust: eine Kulturgeschichte der Duftstoffe. Birkhauser Basel, 1992, 301] 
  
 The data analysis of volatile compounds of 15 varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivated in Brazil has identified three distinguishable aroma groups: "The first group, rich in [[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=586-62-9|α-terpinolene]], was composed of the following varieties: Cheiro (66.1%), Chana (62.4%), Bacuri (57.0%), Cameta H (56.3%), Gojoba (54.8%), Carlota (52.0%), Coquinho (51.4%) and Comum (45.0%). The second group, rich in δ-3-carene, comprised the following varieties: Haden (71.4%), Tommy (64.5%) and Keith (57.4%). The third group, rich in myrcene, was dominated by the following varieties: Cavalo (57.1%), Rosa (52.4%), Espada (37.2%) and Paulista (30.3%). The data analysis of volatile compounds of 15 varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivated in Brazil has identified three distinguishable aroma groups: "The first group, rich in [[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=586-62-9|α-terpinolene]], was composed of the following varieties: Cheiro (66.1%), Chana (62.4%), Bacuri (57.0%), Cameta H (56.3%), Gojoba (54.8%), Carlota (52.0%), Coquinho (51.4%) and Comum (45.0%). The second group, rich in δ-3-carene, comprised the following varieties: Haden (71.4%), Tommy (64.5%) and Keith (57.4%). The third group, rich in myrcene, was dominated by the following varieties: Cavalo (57.1%), Rosa (52.4%), Espada (37.2%) and Paulista (30.3%).
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 |{{:terpinolene_alpha.png|α-terpinolene}} \\ α-terpinolene|{{:carene_d3.jpg|δ-3-carene}} \\ δ-3-carene |{{:myrcene.jpg|myrcene}} \\ myrcene |{{:hdmf.jpg|}} \\ 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl- \\ 3(2H)-furanone \\ (DHF, HDMF, furaneol) |{{:dmf.jpg|}} \\ 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl- \\ 3(2H)-furanone \\ (DMF, mesifuran) |{{:ez26nonadienal.jpg|(E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal}} \\ (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal | |{{:terpinolene_alpha.png|α-terpinolene}} \\ α-terpinolene|{{:carene_d3.jpg|δ-3-carene}} \\ δ-3-carene |{{:myrcene.jpg|myrcene}} \\ myrcene |{{:hdmf.jpg|}} \\ 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl- \\ 3(2H)-furanone \\ (DHF, HDMF, furaneol) |{{:dmf.jpg|}} \\ 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl- \\ 3(2H)-furanone \\ (DMF, mesifuran) |{{:ez26nonadienal.jpg|(E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal}} \\ (E,Z)-nona-2,6-dienal |
  
-Combined analysis with GC-O and a sulphur detector as well as synthesis of the target compound showed ethyl 3-mercaptobutyrate to be a key mango aroma component. Ocimene was a major component in Alphonos mango and terpinolene in Philippine mango. Other components were e.g. (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (mesifuran), and aliphatic esters like ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl butyrate. \\+Combined analysis with GC-O and a sulphur detector as well as synthesis of the target compound showed ethyl 3-mercaptobutyrate to be a key mango aroma component. Ocimene was a major component in Alphonso mango and terpinolene in Philippine mango. Other components were e.g. (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (mesifuran), and aliphatic esters like ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, and 2,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl butyrate. \\
 [Dewis, M. L., and L. Kendrick. "Creation of flavours and the synthesis of raw materials inspired by nature" Advances in Flavours and Fragrances: From the Sensation to the Synthesis 277 (2002): 147-160]  [Dewis, M. L., and L. Kendrick. "Creation of flavours and the synthesis of raw materials inspired by nature" Advances in Flavours and Fragrances: From the Sensation to the Synthesis 277 (2002): 147-160] 
  
mangifera_indica_l.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2021/01/11 16:02 von andreas