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Liquidambar orientalis Mill. - Hamamelidaceae - Oriental sweet-gum, Levant storax, Orientalischer Amberbaum

Deciduous tree, up to 15m high, native to the eastern Mediterranean region (Turkey, Rhodos).

„The name in Turkish for the particular species is Günlük ağacı, while the trees of the genus as a whole are called Sığala ağacı, a name also used in sole reference to oriental sweeetgum itself. Günlük ağacı means “a frankincense/myrrh tree [ağaç]” in which the first element is of unknown origin, whereas sığala refers to “a boggy place”… The extraction of its sap and the production of an oil based thereof (sığala yağı), as well as exports of these products, play an important role in the local economy… The stripped sap is put in boiling water to soften, then pressed. The styrax is then diluted with ¼ water, keeping it soft and preserving its aroma. By steam destillation a light yellow oil is obtained, which can be used for medical applications.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidambar_orientalis

Main components of an essential oil from L.orientalis were trans-cinnamyl alcohol (45%) and hydrocinnamyl alcohol (41%). Minor constituents are β-caryophyllene (3%), styrene (1.5%), benzyl alcohol (1.2%), α-pinene (1%) and benzaldehyde (0.4%).
[Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from coriander (Coriandrum sativum), oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), and valerian (Valeriana wallichii) essential oils against pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Kim, J., Seo, S. M., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Park, I. K., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol.56(16), 2008, 7316-7320]