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Lawsonia inermis L. - Lythraceae -henna (tree), Egyptian privet, mignonette tree, Henna, Hennastrauch
Deciduous fragrant shrub or small tree, native from Central Africa to India, cultivated and naturalized there; leaves elliptic to ovate or obovate, pointed; panicles of fragrant white to reddish flowers.
„ Indigenous to Baluchistan and widely cultivated throughout the country for its fragrant flowers and orange-red dye obtained from macerated, triturated or powdered leaves. The dye is used for dyeing cloth and hair, for staining nails, palms and soles, and in medicine. Very variable.“ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200014655
„Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) is a much-branched shrub that grows in Middle East of Africa is commonly known as Mendi in Gujarati, Henna in Hindi and Egyptian henna. There are three types of henna like Neutral
henna, Red henna and Black henna. Neutral henna, a green powder that smells like freshly cut grass, is neither henna nor neutral. It is Cassia obovata, contains anthraquinones, particularly chrysophanic acid, a remarkable anti-fungal, anti-microbial and anti-bacterial compound. Cassia obovata does not color hair. Red henna, a green
powder that smells like hay, is Lawsonia inermis, commonly known as henna. The leaves of the henna plant have a red-orange dye molecule: lawsone, a naphthaquinone compound. Henna will stain your hair red-orange; but this stain is translucent and will combine with your natural color. Black henna, a green powder that smells like frozen peas, is neither black nor henna. It is indigo, Indigofera tinctoria. (Vaidya, 2000; Wallis, 2001; Trease and Evans, 1983; Bhattacharjee,2003).“
[Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Lawsonia inermis L. leaf., Jain, V. C., Shah, D. P., Sonani, N. G., Dhakara, S., Patel, N. M., Romanian J Biol-Plant Biol, Vol.55, 2010, 127-133]http://www.ibiol.ro/plant/volume%2055/art207.pdf
„Parts used: Powdered leaves (Hennae folium)… Henna leaf is atraditional medicine in India, Arabia and North Africa and is used medicinally mainly to treat wounds, sores and skin infections. It is gargled for sore throad and taken internally in case of diarrhoea, dysentery, stomach ulcers and tapeworms…. The main compound of interest is lawsone, a 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone that is released from glycosides in the fresh leaf through hydrolysis (1% lawsone in dry leaf powder). Also of importance are tannins (up to 10%), other naphtoquinone derivatives, coumarins, flavanoids, phenolic acids, sterols and xanthones, all of which may possibly contribute to the medicinal properties… the astringent properties are ascribed to the tannins. Like other naphtoquinones, lawsone is a strong oxidant and can interact with various cellular components, especially with proteins. This wuld explain its antibacterial, antifungal, anzi-amoebic and anthelmintic properties.“
[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 190]
PZ 33/1999, 3121ff