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Iris pallida Lam. - Iridaceae - Dalmatian iris, Bleiche Schwertlilie, Dalmatinische Iris

Perennial native to the Dalmatian coast (Croatia), widely naturalized; cultivated as a garden plant, and commercially to produce essential oils from its rhizome.

Two main varieties of iris are used in perfumery, Iris pallida and Iris germanica. Global production of iris rhizomes is estimated to be about 300t (approximate quantities Italy 25-30t, France 40t, Morocco 80-100t, China 100t, Balkans 50t mainly Macedonia). 100kg of rhizome powder gives roughly 200g of butter (essential oil) which gives 40g of absolute (world market of orris absolute is around 50kg).
[Biolandes 2017] https://www.biolandes.com/en-biolandes-iris-book.php?voyage=o&lg=en

„The racemates of all irone isomers (cis-α, trans-α, β, cis-γ, trans-γ) have been resolved by chiral capillary gas chromatography and the separated pure enantiomers have been olfactorily characterized by using GC-sniffing techniques. (+)-cis-γ-Irone and (+)-cis-α-irone were found to have the most interesting organoleptic properties.“
Regarding industrially-produced orris oil of I.pallida, (-)-cis-α-irone (61.5%), (-)-cis-γ-irone (37.6%), (+)-trans-α-irone (0.9%), and β-irone (0.7%) were found.
[Direct enantioselective separation and olfactory evaluation of all irone isomers., Galfré, A., Martin, P., Petrzilka, M., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 5(3), 1993, 265-277]

Orris root oil or „orris butter“, produced by steam distillation of the grounded and carefully dried rhizomes, has a buttery nature because of various amounts of methyl and ethyl myristate. The typical odor of the oil (violet, floral, woody) is attributed to the irones, which are structurally related to the ionones. (of violet oil). Main constituents are (+)-cis-α-irone (39%), (-)-trans-α-irone (16%), (+)-β-irone (2%), (+)-cis-γ-irone (43%), with trace amounts of (+)-trans-γ-irone.
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 281-284]

Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.2, t.922 (1890)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=558771