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Illicium anisatum L. - syn.Illicium religiosum Siebold & Zucc. - Schisandraceae
シキミ（樒、櫁、梻, shikimi, jap.), Japanese star-anise, aniseedtree, Japanischer Sternanis
Evergreen tree, native to Japan (Honshu : Kantô; Shikoku; Kyushu),, Taiwan, South Korea.
„Since it is highly toxic, it is not edible; instead, it has been burned as incense in Japan, where it is known as shikimi… Shikimi gave its name to shikimic acid, a substance also present in the plant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_anisatum
Seeds and carpels of the Japanese star anise contain a convulsant (toxic) principle, anisatin.
[On the Toxin of Illicium Anisatum. I. The Isolation and Characterization of a Convulsant Principle: Anisatin1., Lane, John F., et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol.74(13), 1952, 3211-3215]
„The neuropharmacological properties of anisatin were tested on the frog spinal cord and the crude synaptic membrane from rat brain… anisatin is a picrotoxin-like, non-competititve GABA-antagonist.“
[Anisatin, a potent GABA antagonist, isolated from Illicium anisatum., Kudo, Y., Oka, J. I., Yamada, K., Neuroscience letters, Vol.25(1), 1981, 83-88]
There are some other anisatin-type sesquiterpenes present in the fruit, like neoanisatin, pseudoanisatin, 2α-hydroxyneoanisatin and 7-deoxy-7β-hydroxypseudoanisatin.
[Two sesquiterpene lactones from Illicium anisatum., Kouno, I., Mori, K., Akiyama, T., Hashimoto, M., Phytochemistry, Vol.30(1), 1991, 351-353]
„Chinese star anise (Illicium verum Hook f.) is a well-known spice used in many cultures. Many populations use it as a treatment for infant colic. Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum L), however, has been documented to have both neurologic and gastrointestinal toxicities. Recently, concern has been raised regarding the adulteration of Chinese star anise with Japanese star anise. We report 7 cases of adverse neurologic reactions in infants seen with the home administration of star anise tea. In addition, we have found evidence that Chinese star anise has been contaminated with Japanese star anise.“
[Neurotoxicities in infants seen with the consumption of star anise tea., Ize-Ludlow, D., Ragone, S., Bruck, I. S., Bernstein, J. N., Duchowny, M., Peña, B. M. G., Pediatrics, Vol.114(5), 2004, e653-e656]
„The essential oil of air-dried Illicium anisatum (Illiciaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-two components were identified in the essential oil and the main component was eucalyptol (21.8 %).“
[Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-inflammatory activities of Illicium anisatum essential oil., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. S., Oh, T. H., Baik, J., Song, G., Lee, N., Hyun, C. G., Acta pharmaceutica, Vol.59(3), 2009, 289-300]
