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Hesperis matronalis L. - Brassicaceae - dame’s rocket, sweet rocket, damask violet, Gewöhnliche Nachtviole
Biennial or perennial herb, up to 80cm tall; basal leaves withered by flowering, cauline leaves narrowly oblong, lanceolate, or broadly ovate; flowers deep purple, lavender, or white.
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200009560
„…native to Eurasia and cultivated in many other areas of the world for their attractive, spring-blooming flowers… In Europe, it is host to the caterpillars of several butterfly species, including the Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines, Large White Pieris brassicae, Small White Pieris rapae, and moths, such as Plutella porrectella.“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperis_matronalis
„Twelve monoterpenes and five aromatic compounds were identified from Hesperis matronalis flowers in situ. The most abundant compounds were 1,8-cineole, E-β-ocimene, linalool, and benzyl acetate. These four compounds were released asynchronously by the flowers during a photoperiod of 15 hr light and 9 hr darkness: 1,8-cineole was released mainly during the light period, E-β-ocimene mainly near the switch from light to darkness, and benzyl acetate mainly during the dark period. Linalool was not released rhythmically.“
[Nielsen, Jens K., et al. „Asynchronous rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers.“ Phytochemistry 38.4 (1995): 847-851]
Floral rate emission measurements showed two main groups of scent components: Aromatics like benzaldehyde, benzylacetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, as well as terpenoids like α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, E-β-ocimene, and linalool.
[Flower color-flower scent associations in polymorphic Hesperis matronalis (Brassicaceae). Cassie J. Majetic, Robert A. Raguso, Stephen J. Tonsor, Tia-Lynn Ashman, Phytochemistry 68 (2007) 865-874] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.336.9780&rep=rep1&type=pdf
The seeds contain alkaloids, mainly hesperaline (choline ester of veratric acid), and smaller amounts of vanilylcholine, p-coumarocylcholine and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoylcholine.
[The biology of Canadian weeds. 140. Hesperis matronalis L., Francis, A., Cavers, P.B., Warwick, S.I., Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 89(1), 2009, 191-206]
Hesperis matronalis, CC BY-SA 3.0, Author: Andreas Kraska
Hesperis matronalis flowers, CC BY-SA 3.0, Author: Andreas Kraska