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--- heracleum_sphondylium_l [2017/10/04 10:40]
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+++ heracleum_sphondylium_l [2017/10/04 10:58]
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 [The bioactive essential oil of Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt. Iscan, G., Demirci, F., Kurkcuoglu, M., Kivanc, M., & Baser, K. H. C., Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C-Journal of Biosciences, Vol.58(3-4), 2003, 195-200] [[http://www.znaturforsch.com/ac/v58c/s58c0195.pdf]]
-{{:octanol_ac.jpg|}} octanol (R=H) and esters like octanol acetate (R=Ac)
+{{:octanol_ac.jpg|}} octanol (R=H) and esters like [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1003462.html|octyl acetate]] (R=Ac)
-"The essential oils of three Turkish endemic Heracleum species, H. crenatifolium Boiss., H. platytaenium Boiss. and H. sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt were obtained using hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MWHD), microdistillation (MD), micro steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME) techniques and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Compositions of the oils isolated by different methods showed some differences. The main components in all the oils were found to be octyl acetate (19–95%) and octanol (0.6–5.0%). Octyl isovalerate (0.8–6.4%) and decyl acetate (0.5–4.3%) were the next most abundant constituents in the oil of H. crenatifolium. Octyl hexanoate (3.0–4.7%), (Z)-4-octenyl acetate (1.6–2.1%), octanol (0.7–1.0%) and decanal (0.7–1.2%) were the next major constituents in the oil of H. platytaenium. Octyl butyrate (34.6–41.0%), apiole (4.7–20.4%), (Z)-4-octenyl acetate (2.2–4.4%) and (Z)-4-octenyl butyrate (2.6–3.0%) were found as other main constituents in the oil of H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum." \\
+"The essential oils of three Turkish endemic Heracleum species, H. crenatifolium Boiss., H. platytaenium Boiss. and H. sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt were obtained using hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MWHD), microdistillation (MD), micro steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME) techniques and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Compositions of the oils isolated by different methods showed some differences. The main components in all the oils were found to be octyl acetate (19-95%) and octanol (0.6-5.0%). Octyl isovalerate (0.8-6.4%) and decyl acetate (0.5-4.3%) were the next most abundant constituents in the oil of H. crenatifolium. Octyl hexanoate (3.0-4.7%), (Z)-4-octenyl acetate (1.6-2.1%), octanol (0.7-1.0%) and decanal (0.7-1.2%) were the next major constituents in the oil of H. platytaenium. Octyl butyrate (34.6-41.0%), apiole (4.7-20.4%), (Z)-4-octenyl acetate (2.2-4.4%) and (Z)-4-octenyl butyrate (2.6-3.0%) were found as other main constituents in the oil of H. sphondylium subsp. ternatum." \\
 [Comparison of the essential oils of three endemic Turkish Heracleum species obtained by different isolation techniques. Özek, T., Özek, G., Baser, K. H. C., & Duran, A., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.17(6), 2005, 605-610]
-"The essential oil obtained from the fruits of hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum) growing in central Apennines (Italy) was analysed for chemical composition by gas chromatographic-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The oil was composed mainly of aliphatic esters (86.9–89.5%), among them octyl acetate (54.9–60.2%) and octyl butyrate (10.1–13.4%) were the most abundant." \\
+"The essential oil obtained from the fruits of hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum) growing in central Apennines (Italy) was analysed for chemical composition by gas chromatographic-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil was composed mainly of aliphatic esters (86.9-89.5%), among them octyl acetate (54.9-60.2%) and octyl butyrate (10.1-13.4%) were the most abundant." \\
 [Composition and biological activities of hogweed [Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt] essential oil and its main components octyl acetate and octyl butyrate. Maggi, F., Quassinti, L., Bramucci, M., Lupidi, G., Petrelli, D., Vitali, L. A., Vittori, S., Natural product research, (ahead-of-print),2014, 1-10] [[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786419.2014.904311]]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Illustration_Heracleum_sphondylium0.jpg/640px-Illustration_Heracleum_sphondylium0.jpg}}
+{{heracleum_sphondylium.jpg?600}} \\
+Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.2, t.130 \\
+[[http://plantillustrations.org/species.php?id_species=508169]]

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