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Ginkgo biloba L. - syn. Salisburia adiantifolia Smith; Salisburia biloba (L.) Hoffmansegg. - Ginkgoaceae
银杏 yin xing (chin.), ginkgo, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo, Ginkgobaum, Elefantenohrbaum, Entenfussbaum, Mädchenhaarbaum
Dioecious tree, up to 40m high, native to China, Japan, Korea, widely cultivated as ornamental in Europe, North America; leaves pale green, turning bright yellow in autumn, unique formed, „… those on long branchlets divided by a deep, apical sinus into 2 lobes each further dissected, those on short branchlets with undulate distal and margin notched apex… Ginkgo biloba is now a rare species in the wild, but has been widely cultivated as an ornamental, probably for more than 3000 years. It provides shade and is tolerant of a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions, including pollution. It is sacred to Buddhists and is often planted near temples. The wood is used in furniture making, the leaves are medicinal and used for pesticides, the roots are used as a cure for leucorrhea, the seeds are edible, and the bark yields tannin.“ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005235
Special standardised leaf extracts show effects like inhibition of acetylcholin esterase and platelet activating factor. They are used to treat the symptoms of various forms of cerebrovascular insufficiency and dementia like memory loss disturbed concentration.
[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 158]
Extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves could be standardised to flavanoid (22-27%, mainly quercetin and kaempferol) and terpenic trilactones content (5-7%, including ginkgolides A,B,C 2.8-3.4% and bilabolid 2.6-3.2%). [DAB 2010]
Ginkgo biloba L. as Salisburia adiantifolia Sm.; Siebold, P.F. von, Zuccarini, J.G., Flora Japonica, t.136 (1875)
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=465639