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Garcinia kola Heckel - Clusiaceae - bitter-kola, false cola
Evergreen tree, about 15m high; native to the rain forests of West Africa (Cameroon to Angola); seeds brown, smooth elliptically shaped, pulp yellow.
„The fruit, seeds, nuts and bark of the plant have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat ailments from coughs to fever.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garcinia_kola
„Kolaviron is a fraction of the defatted ethanol extract, containing Garcinia biflavonoids GB1, GB2 and kolaflavanone. Several studies have demonstrated the protective effects of kolaviron against hepatotoxicity
and oxidative stress induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene, carbontetrachloride, aflatoxin B1, potassium bromate-induced nephrotoxicity and dibutylphthalate-induced testicular oxidative stress in animal model. Furthermore, kolaviron has been shown to exhibit potent antioxidant and metal chelating activities in vitro as well as inhibition of carcinogen-induced genotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. However the molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective and other chemopreventive/chemoprotective effects of kolaviron remain largely unknown. In the present study, we report that kolaviron inhibits DMN-induced liver injury in rats by suppressing COX-2 and iNOS expression via NF-κB and AP-1.“
[Kolaviron inhibits dimethyl nitrosamine-induced liver injury by suppressing COX-2 and iNOS expression via NF-κB and AP-1. Farombi, E. O., Shrotriya, S., Surh, Y. J., Life sciences, Vol.84(5), 2009, 149-155]
„Topical Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops are as effective as timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops in lowering IOP in newly diagnosed glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients. The mean IOP reducing efficacy after six months of use was similar in both groups. Garcinia kola extract may represent an alternate topical medication for patient with open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensives in a resource limited population.“
[Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Adefule-Ositelu, A. O., Adegbehingbe, B. O., Adefule, A. K., Adegbehingbe, O. O., Samaila, E., Oladigbolu, K., Middle East African journal of ophthalmology, Vol.17(1), 2010, 88] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880381/
Journal of botany, British and foreign [B.Seemann], vol.13 p.65, t.160 (1875) [W.G.Smith]
http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=452914