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--- ferula_gummosa_boiss [2015/10/07 17:29]
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+++ ferula_gummosa_boiss [2017/04/13 12:57]
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 "Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin, the product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbanum]]
+-Methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine (with its green bell-pepper like odor) was discovered in galbanum oil. \\
+[Characterisation of pyrazines in galbanum oil., Bramwell, A.F., Burrell, J.W.K., Riezebos, G., Tetrahedron Letters, 10(37), 3215-3216, 1969]
 "The earth is removed around the hypocotyl to gain access to the rhizome. The rhizome is traditionally incised on a length of 3-5 cm with a special iron cutting tool locally forged. Within a few minutes, droplets of a
@@ Zeile 26: / Zeile 29: @@
 [Jalali, H. T., Ebrahimian, Z. J., Evtuguin, D. V., Pascoal Neto, C., Chemical composition of oleo-gum-resin from// Ferula gummosa//. Industrial Crops and Products, 2011, 33(2), 549-553]
-"Among the sesquiterpenoid constituents of the essential oil (from the resin) are the woody-balsamic smelling alcohols (+)-bulnesol, (+)-guai-9-en-11ol, (-)-guaiol, and the tricyclic ether epiligulyl oxide..." The odor character of galbanum oil is, however, not determined by these compounds but by a (5E/5Z)-mixture of 1,3,5-undecatriene, known as galbanolenes. The pure (3E,5Z) isomer has an intense galbanum odor, the other (3E,3E) has a fatty note reminiscent of linseed and cod-liver oil... Also present are 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (with an aroma of green bell pepper) and 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (recalls green peas). Both belong to the group of the strongest smelling organic compounds with odor tresholds in the range of 2ng/l water. Kaiser and Lamparsky discovered musky, woody, cedary and floral smelling macrolides in traces (0.06%), main components are (-)-(13R)-tetradecanolide (0.03%; woody, cedary, slightly musky) and (-)-(15R)-15-hexadecanolide (0.02%; musky, floral). \\
+"Among the sesquiterpenoid constituents of the essential oil (from the resin) are the woody-balsamic smelling alcohols (+)-bulnesol, (+)-guai-9-en-11ol, (-)-guaiol, and the tricyclic ether epiligulyl oxide..." The odor character of galbanum oil is, however, not determined by these compounds but by a (5E/5Z)-mixture of 1,3,5-undecatriene, known as galbanolenes. The pure (3E,5Z) isomer has an intense galbanum odor, the other (3E,3E) has a fatty note reminiscent of linseed and cod-liver oil... Also present are 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (with an aroma of green bell pepper) and 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (recalls green peas). Both belong to the group of the strongest smelling organic compounds with odor tresholds in the range of 2ng/l water. Kaiser and Lamparsky discovered musky, woody, cedary and floral smelling macrolides in traces (0.06%), main components are (-)-(13R)-13-tetradecanolide (0.03%; woody, cedary, slightly musky) and (-)-(15R)-15-hexadecanolide (0.02%; musky, floral). \\
 [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Philip Kraft, Wiley-VCH, 2012, 307-309]

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