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Eschscholzia californica Cham. - Papaveraceae - California poppy, golden poppy, Kalifornische Mohn, Kalifornischer Kappenmohn, Goldmohn, Schlafmützchen

Annual or short-lived perennial herb, up to 60cm high, native to Northern America (California, Mexico), naturalized in Hawaii, cultivated as courtyard ornamentals elsewhere; leaves tripinnatipartite, lobes various, acutely linear, acutely oblong, or obtusely spatulate-oblong; flowers yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base.
„Native Americans used Eschscholzia californica (no varieties specified) to treat lice, to induce sleep in children, as a poison, for consumption, for toothaches, and as an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986).“
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220004967
„This species is widely cultivated in temperate and Mediterranean-type gardens. Cultivated forms include those with single and semi-double flowers in a wide range of colors from white and cream to yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple.“
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220004967

The herb contains alkaloids (0.29-0.38%), mainly californidine (0.19-0.23%, N-methylated escholtzine) and tertiary nonphenolic bases (0.14-0.15%) like allocryptopine (0.02-0.03%), protopine and escholtzine.
[Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Springer 2010]

„A 70% ethanol extract of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) was able to bind to 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors at 100 μg/mL. The subsequent isolation procedure yielded the known alkaloids californidine (1), escholtzine (2), N-methyllaurotetanine (3), caryachine (4), and O-methylcaryachine (5), along with a new pavine alkaloid, 6S,12S-neocaryachine-7-O-methyl ether N-metho salt (7). The structure of 7 was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation, while the absolute stereochemistry was determined by means of circular dichroism. From the results obtained from the radioligand-binding assay of the pure compounds, including the commercially available protopine (6), it was evident that the activity on the 5-HT1A receptor was at least partly due to the presence of the aporphine alkaloid 3, which showed the highest inhibition of [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT) binding with an EC50 value of 155 nM and a Ki of 85 nM.“
[Alkaloids from Eschscholzia c alifornica and Their Capacity to Inhibit Binding of [3H] 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin to 5-HT1A Receptors in Vitro., Gafner, S., Dietz, B.M., McPhail, K.L., Scott, I.M., Glinski, J.A., Russell, F.E., Bolton, J.L., Journal of natural products, Vol.69(3), 2006, 432-435]