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Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. - Winteraceae Winter's bark, canelo (span.), Wintersrinde

Dominant evergreen tree in the coastal forests of southern Chile and Argentina; leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, entire, oblanceolate; flowers white with a yellow center. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drimys_winteri

„The bark is gray, thick and soft and is used as a pepper replacement in Argentina and Chile. The peppery compound in canelo is polygodial.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drimys_winteri

„D. winteri is one of the sacred plants of the Mapuche Indians who use its aerial parts for the treatment of several diseases in cattle or human beings. Tannins, ascorbic acid and several flavonoids have been isolated from the bark of this species.“ [Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of extracts and drimanes of Drimys winteri stem bark against Spodoptera littoralis (Lep., Noctuidae). Zapata, N., Budia, F., Viñuela, E., Medina, P., Industrial Crops and Products, Vol.30(1), 2009, 119-125]

„The barks of Drimys winteri are used in folk medicine as a remedy to treat several diseases, including dolorous processes. Previous pre-clinical experiments carried out in our laboratories revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract of this plant showed anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Such promising results led us to determine the analgesic compounds present in D. winteri. Through conventional chromatographic procedures with fractions of CH2Cl2 and EtOAc obtained from methanolic extract, it was found that polygodial (1), 1-β-(p-methoxy-cynnamyl) polygodial (2), taxifolin (3) and astilbin (4), are the main components of these fractions. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited marked antinociceptive action by intraperitoneal and oral routes against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in mice, suggesting that they are responsible, at least partially, for the antinociceptive effects of this plant. In addition, both compounds were notably more potent than aspirin and acetaminophen, two well-known drugs used here as comparison.“
[Isolation and identification of active compounds from Drimys winteri barks. Cechinel Filho, V., Schlemper, V., Santos, A. R., Pinheiro, T. R., Yunes, R. A., Mendes, G. L., Delle Monache, F., Journal of ethnopharmacology, Vol.62(3), 1998, 223-227]

„… essential oils from the hydrodistillation of … leaf and bark of D. winteri were 1.37 and 4.18%.
The main constituents in the D. winteri leaf oil were more diverse, with γ-curcumene + NI (= non-identified compound, 11.12%) and then a group of five compounds comprising 6-9%, i.e. limonene + myrcene, limonene + NI, trans-caryophyllene, α-pinene, sabinene and 4-terpineol. The main constituents in the oil from bark of D. winteri were α-pinene (57.82%), γ-curcumene (11.22%) and β-pinene + myrcene (7.37%).“
[Bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and bark of Laurelia sempervirens and Drimys winteri against Acyrthosiphon pisum. Zapata, N., Lognay, G., & Smagghe, G., Pest management science, Vol.66(12), 2010, 1324-1331]