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Caesalpinioideae - diesel tree
Evergreen tree, up to 20m high, native to South America.
„„Copaiba“ or „pau d'óleo“ (Portuguese for oily wood) are the generic designation for several plants of the Copaifera genus (Leguminosae) which yield an oleoresin by its exudation from their heartwood of these plants… The volatile chemical compositions of the oleoresin and other different parts of C. langsdorffii were characterized by GC/MS and shown them to be rich in the sesquiterpenes beta-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. The other main components identified were gamma-muurolene, 4-alpha-copaenol, kaurene, beta-bisabolol and kaurenal The main non-volatile components present in the oleoresin of C. langsdorffii were identified as the diterpene acids ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic and polyalthic. Other diterpenoids were found in the oleoresin, such as, hardwiickic acid, kauranoic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol, ent-kaur-16-ene, ent-4-epi-agathic acid methyl ester, ruilopeziol and ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol. Analysis of other plant parts allowed the isolation of coumarin from seeds, and sesquiterpenes and amino acids from leaves.“ [Chemistry and pharmacology of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.: an overview. Authors Gramosa, N. V.; Silveira, E. R.; Cavalcanti, B. C.; Ferreira, J. R. de O.; Almeida, F. S.; Rao, V. S.; Costa-Lotufo, L. V.; Moraes, M. O. de; Pessoa, C.; Editors Awaad, A. S.;Govil, J. N.;Singh, V. K. Book: Drug plants I 2010, 235-260]