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Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. - Sterculiaceae - Gbanja cola, bitter cola, Bittere Kolanuss, (Echter) Kolabaum
Tree, native to the west coast of Africa (Guinea to Togo), cultivated in Africa, introduced elsewhere (tropics, subtritropics).
„The mature fruit of Cola species is a nut known as kolanut. It has a bitter flavour and high caffeine content. It is chewed in many West African cultures individually or in a group setting. It is often used ceremonially, presented to tribal chiefs or to guests. Chewing kolanut can ease hunger pangs. Kolanuts are used mainly for their stimulant and euphoriant qualities… It is chewed in many West African cultures individually or in a group setting. It is often used ceremonially, presented to tribal chiefs or to guests. Chewing kolanut can
ease hunger pangs. Kolanuts are used mainly for their stimulant and euphoriant qualities.“
[Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Four Species of Cola Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae), Mubo Adeola Sonibare, Micheal O Soladoye, Oyedokun O Esan, Oluwadayo O Sonibare, Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med., Vol.6(4), 2009, 518–525] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816472/pdf/AJT0604-0518.pdf
„C. nitida extract inhibited α-amylase (EC50=0.34 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (EC50=0.32 mg/mL) activities as well as Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the extract had high DPPH radical scavenging ability (EC50=2.2 mg/mL) and reducing power (8.2 mg AAE/g). Characterization of the main phenolic compounds of the extract using gas chromatography analysis revealed catechin (6.6 mg/100 g), epicatechin (3.6 mg/100 g), apigenin (5.1 mg/100 g) and naringenin (3.6 mg/100 g) were the main compounds in the extract. This antioxidant and enzyme inhibition could be some of the possible mechanism by which C. nitida is use in folklore for the management/treatment of type-2 diabetes. However, the enzyme inhibitory properties of the extract could be attributed to the presence of catechin, epicatechin, apigenin and naringenin.“
[Inhibitory effect of polyphenolic-rich extract from Cola nitida (Kolanut) seed on key enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes and Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro. Oboh, G., Nwokocha, K. E., Akinyemi, A. J., Ademiluyi, A. O., Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 4(Suppl 1), 2014, 405]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025302/