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citrus_x_aurantium_l [2015/12/10 17:15] andreas |
citrus_x_aurantium_l [2021/11/12 09:33] andreas |
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Bitter orange peel oils exhibited a very high content of limonene (87.6-95.1%). The minor components β-pinene (tr-2.4%), myrcene (1.3-1.8%), linalool (tr-1.5%), linalyl acetate (0-3.9%), α-pinene (0-0.6%) were found in almost all samples. \\ | Bitter orange peel oils exhibited a very high content of limonene (87.6-95.1%). The minor components β-pinene (tr-2.4%), myrcene (1.3-1.8%), linalool (tr-1.5%), linalyl acetate (0-3.9%), α-pinene (0-0.6%) were found in almost all samples. \\ | ||
- | [Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange. Marie-Laure Lota, Dominique de Rocca Serra, Camille Jacquemond, Felix Tomi, Joseph Casanova, Flavour Fragr. J. 2001; 16: 89–96] | + | [Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange. Marie-Laure Lota, Dominique de Rocca Serra, Camille Jacquemond, Felix Tomi, Joseph Casanova, Flavour Fragr. J. 2001; 16: 89-96] |
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+ | "... dividing the concentration (ppm) by the threshold (ppm) for bitter orange [peel oil], it can be seen that the most important odour characters in the oil are octanal, decanal, linalool, nonanal and linalyl acetate... the odour characters of petitgrain and neroli are obviously linalool and linalyl acetate; however, the odour character of lesser importance in these oils are nonanal, α-terpineol, | ||
+ | [Swift, Karl AD, ed. Advances in flavours and fragrances: From the sensation to the synthesis. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007, 79-80] | ||
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+ | Flavour components of C.aurantium essential oil (EO) were characterized by GC-MS and GC-O. Potent odour contributors were α-pinene (floral), octanal (green), limonene (citrus), linalool (floral), α-terpineol (indeterminate: | ||
+ | [Deterre, Sophie, et al. " | ||
**Neroli** oil is the essential oil steam distilled from the flowers of C. x aurantium. \\ | **Neroli** oil is the essential oil steam distilled from the flowers of C. x aurantium. \\ | ||
- | "Main volatile constituents are linalool, nerolidol and farnesol. Etymology: It. neroli, from the French-born Anna Maria de la Trémoille (1670-1722), | + | The distillaton water is //Orange Flower Water// as by-product. Orange Flower Water is extracted with solvent to leave a dark orange-brown product known as //Orange Flower Water Absolute//. Two other materials are //Orange Flower Concrete// (extracted from the flowers with solvent) and further //Orange Blossom Absolute// (concrete extracted with ethanol). |
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+ | "Main volatile constituents are linalool, nerolidol and farnesol. Etymology: It. neroli, from the French-born Anna Maria de la Trémoille (1670-1722), | ||
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+ | "As most synthetic linalool contains dihydrolinalool (0.5-2.0%), this impurity can be used to determine adulteration of neroli oil with synthetic linalool. Frey (1988) showed that using the selective ion monitoring mode in GC/MS he could detect down to 50 ppm of dihydrolinalool in neroli oil, which corresponds to the addition of 0.5-1.0% synthetic linalool in the oil... Konig et al. (1992) proved through chiral GC analysis that the (R)-(-)-linalool enantiomer was predominant in neroli oil. They also found that (S)-(+)-(E)-nerolidol | ||
+ | was the main (>98%) enantiomer found in this same oil" \\ | ||
+ | [Lawrence, Brian M. " | ||
"The major compounds within the hydrolate [of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) flowers (neroli) grown in Iran] obtained in the laboratory were geraniol (26.6%), α-terpineol (20.7%), linalool (15.4%) and benzene acetaldehyde (5.5%). Linalool (44.1%), methyl anthranilate (11.8%) and cis-linalool oxide (6.1%) were found in high percentages in the Hydrolate from the obtained traditional sample. 1,8-Cineol (15.9%), linalool (13.8%) and α-terpineol (6.6%) were more than other constituents in the industrially obtained hydrolate." | "The major compounds within the hydrolate [of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) flowers (neroli) grown in Iran] obtained in the laboratory were geraniol (26.6%), α-terpineol (20.7%), linalool (15.4%) and benzene acetaldehyde (5.5%). Linalool (44.1%), methyl anthranilate (11.8%) and cis-linalool oxide (6.1%) were found in high percentages in the Hydrolate from the obtained traditional sample. 1,8-Cineol (15.9%), linalool (13.8%) and α-terpineol (6.6%) were more than other constituents in the industrially obtained hydrolate." | ||
[GC/MS Analysis of Citrus aurantium L. Hydrolate and its Comparison | [GC/MS Analysis of Citrus aurantium L. Hydrolate and its Comparison | ||
with the Commercial Samples. Hamid Reza Monsef-Esfahani, | with the Commercial Samples. Hamid Reza Monsef-Esfahani, | ||
- | Hajimehdipour, | + | Hajimehdipour, |
- | "The combination of these two sesquiterpene alcohols [(+)-(E)-nerolidol 3% and (E, | + | | {{: |
+ | |||
+ | "The combination of these two sesquiterpene alcohols [(+)-(E)-nerolidol 3% and (E, | ||
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | ||
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[Italian Citrus Petitgrain Oils. Part I. Composition of Bitter Orange Petitgrain Oil. Luigi Mondello, Giovanni Dugo, Paola Dugo, Keith D. Bartle, Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.8 (6) 1996, 597-609] | [Italian Citrus Petitgrain Oils. Part I. Composition of Bitter Orange Petitgrain Oil. Luigi Mondello, Giovanni Dugo, Paola Dugo, Keith D. Bartle, Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.8 (6) 1996, 597-609] | ||
- | "In addition to linalool, the other important alcohols are geraniol (2.5%), nerol (0.4%), α-terpineol (5.6%), (+)-(R, | + | Enantiomerically pure or nearly pure (R)(-)-linalyl acetate was detected in petitgrain oil of Citrus aurantium L. using a chiral capillary column. \\ |
- | Another important constituent is 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine with its typical galbanum-like, | + | [Ravid, Uzi, Eli Putievsky, and Irena Katzir. " |
+ | [Dugo, Giovanni, et al. " | ||
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+ | | {{: | ||
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+ | "In addition to linalool, the other important alcohols are geraniol (2.5%), nerol (0.4%), α-terpineol (5.6%), (+)-(R, | ||
+ | Another important constituent is [[http:// | ||
[Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | [Scent and Chemistry, Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, | ||
- | {{: | + | {{: |
Köhler, | Köhler, | ||
[[http:// | [[http:// | ||
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+ | {{: | ||
+ | Citrus ×aurantium L. © Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste \\ | ||
+ | pictures by Andrea Moro [[https:// | ||
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+ | VIDEO: [[https:// |