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cistus_ladanifer_l [2018/10/04 10:31]
andreas |
cistus_ladanifer_l [2018/10/04 15:32]
andreas |
| Commercial labdanum oil contained more than 300 constituents. Of the 186 compounds identified (95% of the oil), 154 were neutral, and 32 acidic. Typical for labdanum oil were oxidized derivatives of C15-C20 ring systems (aromadendrane, cadinane, and labdane). \\ | Commercial labdanum oil contained more than 300 constituents. Of the 186 compounds identified (95% of the oil), 154 were neutral, and 32 acidic. Typical for labdanum oil were oxidized derivatives of C15-C20 ring systems (aromadendrane, cadinane, and labdane). \\ |
| Main constituents of the oil were ledene (9.3%), dihydrocinnamic acid (6.5%), labd-7-enoic acid (6.3%), myrtenic acid (6.0%), labd-8(17)-enoic acid (5.1%), palmitic acid (5.1%), viridiflorol (4.3%), cubeban‐11‐ol (4.1%), labd-8-enoic acid (4.0%), decanoic acid (3.8%), octanoic acid (3.7%), myristic acid (2.7%), lauric acid (2.5%), borneol (2.0%), copaborneol (1.8%), bornyl acetate (1.7%), eugenol (1.6%), allo‐aromadendrene (1.5%), 1,5‐cis‐aromadendr‐9‐ene (1.4%), 1,2‐dehydroviridiflorol (1.4%), geranic acid (1.4%), ambrox (1.4%), 2,2,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone (1.3%), ledol (1.3%), and palustrol (1.2%). \\ | Main constituents of the oil were ledene (9.3%), dihydrocinnamic acid (6.5%), labd-7-enoic acid (6.3%), myrtenic acid (6.0%), labd-8(17)-enoic acid (5.1%), palmitic acid (5.1%), viridiflorol (4.3%), cubeban‐11‐ol (4.1%), labd-8-enoic acid (4.0%), decanoic acid (3.8%), octanoic acid (3.7%), myristic acid (2.7%), lauric acid (2.5%), borneol (2.0%), copaborneol (1.8%), bornyl acetate (1.7%), eugenol (1.6%), allo‐aromadendrene (1.5%), 1,5‐cis‐aromadendr‐9‐ene (1.4%), 1,2‐dehydroviridiflorol (1.4%), geranic acid (1.4%), ambrox (1.4%), 2,2,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone (1.3%), ledol (1.3%), and palustrol (1.2%). \\ |
| Further interesting components were 6-oxo-iso ambrox (0.1%), α-ambrinol (0.2%), carvacrol (0.8%), dehydrocarvacrol (0.2%), cuminaldehyde (0.1%), decanal (0.2%), (E)-beta-ionone (0.2%), massoia lactone (0.1%), nonanal (0.1%), trans-rose oxide (0.1%), cis-rose oxide (0.2%), α-terpineol (0.5%), thymol (0.2%), tuberolactone (0.1%), undecanal (0.2%), undecanoic acid (0.3%), vitispiran A (0.2%), vitispiran B (0.1%) e.g. \\ | Further interesting components were 6-oxo-iso ambrox (0.1%), α-ambrinol (0.2%), carvacrol (0.8%), dehydrocarvacrol (0.2%), cuminaldehyde (0.1%), decanal (0.2%), β-ionone (0.2%), massoia lactone (0.1%), nonanal (0.1%), trans-rose oxide (0.1%), cis-rose oxide (0.2%), α-terpineol (0.5%), thymol (0.2%), 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohex-2-enone (0.3%), tuberolactone (0.1%), undecanal (0.2%), undecanoic acid (0.3%), vitispiran A (0.2%), vitispiran B (0.1%) e.g. \\ |
| [Weyerstahl, Peter, et al. "Constituents of commercial Labdanum oil." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 13.5 (1998): 295-318] \\ | [Weyerstahl, Peter, et al. "Constituents of commercial Labdanum oil." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 13.5 (1998): 295-318] \\ |
| see also [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/gca/gc1026971.html]] | see also [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/gca/gc1026971.html]] |
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| Among the volatile components of Cistus ladanifer leaves, the norisoprenoid 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone was identified as the main compound responsible for the leaf odor. \\ | Among the volatile components of Cistus ladanifer leaves, the norisoprenoid 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone was identified as the compound mainly responsible for the leaf odor. \\ |
| [Volatile components of Cistus ladanifer leaves. Ramalho, Paula S., et al., Flavour and fragrance journal Vol.14 (5), 1999, 300-302] | [Volatile components of Cistus ladanifer leaves. Ramalho, Paula S., et al., Flavour and fragrance journal Vol.14 (5), 1999, 300-302] |
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| | The essential oils of the two varieties C.ladanifer var.maculatus (with red marks on the white corolla) and C. ladanifer var.albiflorus (without red marks) contained the same major components. \\ |
| | "Essential oils of the three populations of Cistus ladanifer var. maculatus have significantly higher concentrations in α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, verbenone than the oils from the three populations of Cistus ladanifer var. albiflorus. The latter oils have significantly lower concentrations of benzaldehyde, p-cymen-8-ol, ledol and viridiflorol than the oils of Cistus ladanifer var. maculatus. These differences can not be attributed to differences in environmental conditions..." \\ |
| | [Robles, Christine, et al. "Comparison of essential oil composition of two varieties of Cistus ladanifer." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31.3 (2003): 339-343] |
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| "Labdanum oil is a mixture of ca. 250 compounds... Only ten compounds, i.e., (-)α-pinene, (+)-camphene, pinocarveol, bornyl acetate, borneol, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, (Z)-ocimenone, (-)-allo-aromadendrene/(+)-ledene, (+)-ledol, and viridiflorol, occur in concentrations above 1%, however, these do not represent the complex odor profile of the oil. The odor character of labdanum oil is on the contrary determined by a large number of oxygenated trace compounds such as [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrox|(-)-ambrox]], 6-oxoisoambrox and a decahydronaphthalenol, which are responsible for the distinct ambery character... The smoky-leathery notes and the animalic undertones are caused by a complex of 25 phenols (1.5%)... The character-impact compound of oakmoss, methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate, is responsible for the powdery, moss-like undertones... Another constituent, 2-methyloctanoic acid, has a strong labdanoic odor on its own, (and) 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione... has a strong celery aroma." \\ | "Labdanum oil is a mixture of ca. 250 compounds... Only ten compounds, i.e., (-)α-pinene, (+)-camphene, pinocarveol, bornyl acetate, borneol, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, (Z)-ocimenone, (-)-allo-aromadendrene/(+)-ledene, (+)-ledol, and viridiflorol, occur in concentrations above 1%, however, these do not represent the complex odor profile of the oil. The odor character of labdanum oil is on the contrary determined by a large number of oxygenated trace compounds such as [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrox|(-)-ambrox]], 6-oxoisoambrox and a decahydronaphthalenol, which are responsible for the distinct ambery character... The smoky-leathery notes and the animalic undertones are caused by a complex of 25 phenols (1.5%)... The character-impact compound of oakmoss, methyl beta-orcinolcarboxylate, is responsible for the powdery, moss-like undertones... Another constituent, 2-methyloctanoic acid, has a strong labdanoic odor on its own, (and) 3,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione... has a strong celery aroma." \\ |
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| {{:cistus_lada_foto.jpg}} \\ | {{:cistus_lada_foto.jpg}} \\ |
| Cistus ladanifer, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska | Cistus ladanifer var.albiflorus, [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], Author: Andreas Kraska |
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