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catha_edulis_vahl_forssk._ex_endl
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catha_edulis_vahl_forssk._ex_endl [2016/01/12 14:58] andreas |
catha_edulis_vahl_forssk._ex_endl [2016/01/12 15:07] andreas |
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| "The mucosa of the oral cavity is considered to be the first absorption segment, where the major proportion of the alkaloids [cathinone, cathine and norephedrine] is absorbed (mean ± SD 59 ± 21% for cathinone and 84 ± 6% for cathine). The extraction of the alkaloids from the leaves by chewing was very effective with only 9.1 ± 4.2% remaining as a residue. Cathinone was eliminated from the central compartment with a mean half-life of 1.5 ± 0.8 h. The half-life of cathine was 5.2 ± 3.4 h. The metabolism of cathinone to norephedrine had a substantial influence on its plasma concentration profile. Psychophysical functions were essentially unaffected by the chewing of khat... The pharmacokinetics of khat alkaloids in humans explain why chewing is the preferred form of khat ingestion. Subjects absorbed a mean dose of 45 mg of cathinone, and did not suffer any severe adverse reactions." | "The mucosa of the oral cavity is considered to be the first absorption segment, where the major proportion of the alkaloids [cathinone, cathine and norephedrine] is absorbed (mean ± SD 59 ± 21% for cathinone and 84 ± 6% for cathine). The extraction of the alkaloids from the leaves by chewing was very effective with only 9.1 ± 4.2% remaining as a residue. Cathinone was eliminated from the central compartment with a mean half-life of 1.5 ± 0.8 h. The half-life of cathine was 5.2 ± 3.4 h. The metabolism of cathinone to norephedrine had a substantial influence on its plasma concentration profile. Psychophysical functions were essentially unaffected by the chewing of khat... The pharmacokinetics of khat alkaloids in humans explain why chewing is the preferred form of khat ingestion. Subjects absorbed a mean dose of 45 mg of cathinone, and did not suffer any severe adverse reactions." | ||
| [Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves., Toennes, S.W., Harder, S., Schramm, M., Niess, C., Kauert, G.F., British journal of clinical pharmacology, | [Pharmacokinetics of cathinone, cathine and norephedrine after the chewing of khat leaves., Toennes, S.W., Harder, S., Schramm, M., Niess, C., Kauert, G.F., British journal of clinical pharmacology, | ||
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| + | Literature surveys and clinical diagnostic studies revealed an association of long-term chewing of catha edulis leaves with the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, several peripheral effects like increases in blood pressure and increased incidence of acute coronary vasospasms and myocardial infarct. "Catha edulis also accounts for a number of gastrointestinal tract problems, oesophagitis, | ||
| + | [Al-Habori, M. (2005). The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (khat).] | ||
| "Khat chewing is a practice that dates back thousands of years in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula where the khat plant is widely cultivated and known by a variety of names, including qaat and jaad in Somalia, and chat in Ethiopia. The chewing of khat leaves releases chemicals structurally related to amphetamines, | "Khat chewing is a practice that dates back thousands of years in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula where the khat plant is widely cultivated and known by a variety of names, including qaat and jaad in Somalia, and chat in Ethiopia. The chewing of khat leaves releases chemicals structurally related to amphetamines, | ||
catha_edulis_vahl_forssk._ex_endl.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2016/01/12 15:07 von andreas
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