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Carlina acaulis L. - Asteraceae - carline thistle, silver thistle, Silberdistel, Große Eberwurz, Wetterdistel
Perennial herb, stemless or with short stem (up to 60cm high), native to Europe; flowers 4.5-7cm in diameter, inner disc florets silver-white or pale pink.
The steam distilled essential oil from root of Carlina thistle (Carlina acaulis L., Asteraceae, 3% yield) growing in Serbia is constituted nearly completely of benzyl 2-furylacetylene (carlina oxide, 97.2%).
[Composition of the essential oil from the root of Carlina acaulis L. Asteraceae., Chalchat, J.C., Djordjevic, S., Gorunovic, M., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 8(5), 1996, 577-578]
The essential oil of the roots of Carlina acanthifolia (1% yield from dried material, benzyl 2-furylacetylene 91.5%) is very similar to C.acaulis root essential oil.
[Composition of Carlina acanthifolia root essential oil., Djordjevic, S., Petrovic, S., Ristic, M., Djokovic, D., Chemistry of natural compounds, 41(4), 2005, 410-412]
„Obtained activities of Carlina herb extracts were in correlation with the presence of phenolic compounds identified in both extracts using HPLC. As previously shown, apigenin, luteolin and their glycosides are powerful antioxidants. Flavone C-glycosides (orientin, homoorientin, and vitexin) are capable of blocking chain reactions of lipid auto-oxidation, chelating metal ions of transient state, scavenging nitric compounds and blocking the synthetic reaction of nitrosamine. Orientin expresses strong radical scavenging activity and thus, high radioprotective efficacy. Some compounds identified in the investigated Carlina herb extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties earlier. Apigenin has COX-2 inhibitory activity comparable to NSAIL. Vitexin and schaftoside inhibit LPS-induced mouse lung inflammation. Luteolin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production. Flavones resembling luteolin in structure (with 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy substitution) also resemble its anti-inflammatory activity. Isoorientin has been shown to possess significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Chlorogenic acid inhibits SE-induced T-cell proliferation and production of various pro-inflammatory compounds (e.g. IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, INF-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-1β) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and may serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Antioxidant activity of the investigated extracts could be, at least partly, responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effects, since it was earlier shown that antioxidants may mediate anti-inflammatory activity by direct scavenging of ROS, by influencing polymorphonuclear neutrophils oxidative metabolism and also by preventing induction of the cytokine cascade and up-regulating the expression of adhesion molecules “
[Bioactivity assays on Carlina acaulis and C. acanthifolia root and herb extracts., ĐORĐEVIĆ, S., TADIĆ, V., PETROVIĆ, S., KUKIĆ-MARKOVIĆ, J., DOBRIĆ, S., MILENKOVIĆ, M., & HADŽIFEJZOVIĆ, N., Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 7(3), 2012, 213-1222] http://chalcogen.ro/1213_Djordjevic.pdf