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Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L.Andersson - syn. Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A.Rich.; Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes; Uragoga ipecacuanha (Brot.) Baillon; Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot. - Rubiaceae
ipecacuanha, ipecac, Brasilianische Ipecacuanha, Brasilianische Brechwurzel, Rio-Ipecacuanha
Evergreen shrub, up to 40cm high, native to South America, Central America, also cultivated; flowers small, white, wheel-shaped.
Cephaelis acuminata H.Karst. (syn. Uragoga granatensis Baillon) also known as Cartagena-Ipecacuanha, Panama-Ipecacuanha, or Nicaragua-Ipecacuanha, is know also neotypificated to Carapichea ipecacuanha. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/27911397?tab=acceptednames
Ipecac roots are used because of their expectorant, amoebicidal and emetic properties. „The crude drug is not suitable for self-medication as the doese has to be very carefully measured.“ At about 10 times the therapeutic dose of ipecac extract used to treat chronic bronchitis, it is strongly emetic. The extract is used in emetic syrups to induce vomiting in case of accidental poisoning. As emetine (methylcephaeline) intercalates DNA and blocks protein biosynthesis, it is cytotoxic and used as anti-amoebic drug.
[Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 259]
The isoquinoline alkaloids emetine and cephaeline have been identified as the major bioactive compounds, accumulating in the roots throughout the year. The highest mean content of emetine was found at 0.4-1.4%, highest mean content of cephaeline was found at 0.15-0.26%.
[Variation in emetine and cephaeline contents in roots of wild ipecac (Psychotria ipecacuanha)., Garcia, R.M.A., de Oliveira, L.O., Moreira, M.A., Barros, W.S., Biochemical systematics and ecology, 33(3), 2005, 233-243]
„The levels of genetic diversity within Central American ipecacs and of genetic differentiation between Central American ipecacs and Brazilian ipecacs are unknown.“
[Clonal diversity and conservation genetics of the medicinal plant Carapichea ipecacuanha (Rubiaceae)., Oliveira, L.O.D., Venturini, B.A., Rossi, A.A.B., Hastenreiter, S.S., Genetics and molecular biology, 33(1), 2010, 86-93] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036097/#!po=13.6364