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Berberis vulgaris L. - Berberidaceae - barberry, European barberry, Berberitze, Sauerdorn
Small deciduous shrub, spiny, up to 3m tall, native to Europe, North Africa, West Asia; leaves thick, obovate, serrate; flowers yellow; fruit a ovoid to oblong red berry.
„In Europe, the berries have been traditionally used as an ingredient in making jam. The berries are high in pectin which makes the jam congeal as it cools after having been boiled. In southwestern Asia, especially Iran, the berries are used for cooking, as well as for jam-making. In Iran, barberries are commonly used as a currant in rice pilaf.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris
„The barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) fruits growing wild in Turkey were analyzed for some physical (dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, volume, terminal velocity, hardness and porosity) and chemical (moisture, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin and phenolics, crude protein, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, ash, pH, acidity, alcohol-soluble extract and color) properties…
The energy, reducing sugar, protein, cellulose, oil, ash, acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total anthocyanin and soluble solid matter values of barberry fruits were established as 69.25 kcal/g, 6.52%, 10.32%, 9.42%, 0.84%, 1.12%, 3.10%, 256.48 mg/kg, 789.32 mg/100 g, 931.05 mg/kg and 19.4%, respectively.“
[Some physicomechanical and nutritional properties of barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) fruits., Akbulut, Mehmet, et al., Journal of food process engineering, Vol.32.4, 2009, 497-511]
„Fungi, just as flowering plants, may use mimicry to steal resources to ensure survival. An impressive example is that of the witches brooms on Berberis vulgaris , which are induced by the systemically infecting rust fungus Puccinia arrhenatheri… During the spermatic stage of P. arrhenatheri, the infected leaves of B. vulgaris reveal a yellowish color, reminiscent of flower petals, and emit a strong floral-fruity and herbaceous scent, which is mainly due to indole, methyl nicotate, carvacryl methyl ether, (Z)-7-decen-5-olide, jasmine lactone, (Z)-7-decen-4-olide, g-jasmolactone, and its precursor E,Z)-5,7-decadien-4-olide.“
[Flowers and fungi use scents to mimic each other., Kaiser, R., Science, 311(5762), 2006, 806-807]
