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Azadirachta indica A.Juss - syn.Melia azadirachta L. - Meliaceae
neem, nimtree, Neem, Niem-Baum
Evergreen tree of dry regions of India, 15-20m tall, naturalized in West Africa, America, Australia; leaves alternate, 20–40cm long, leaflets dark green, serrated; flowers cream coloured.
„Hence, this study only found limited evidence that neem is a major weed overseas. While it has escaped cultivation and become naturalised in a number of countries, its impact is poorly documented…
Neem trees are grown commercially in plantations to produce azadirachtin, a chemical extracted from the seeds and leaves. Azadirachtin has been promoted as a new insecticide that is considered more ‘environmentally friendly’ than synthetic insecticides. Plantations have been established in tropical to subtropical regions of the world, including semi-arid and wet tropical regions, from sea level to about 700 m elevation (NRC 1992). After the oil has been pressed from the seeds, the residue (‘neem cake’) can be used in cattle and poultry
feed. Neem is also used in silviculture in India and for reforestation in Asia, Central America and the sub-Saharan region.“ [Pest plant risk assessment Neem Tree, Azadirachta indica. Steve Csurhes, Biosecurity Queensland. 2008] http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf
„Products made from neem trees have been used in India for over two millennia for their medicinal properties…
Neem oil is used for preparing cosmetics such as soap, shampoo, balms and creams as well as toothpaste.“ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadirachta_indica
Emulsions with neem seed extracts have significant killing effects of larvae and adults of head lice.
„… neem-based shampoo blocked the aeropyles of the eggs, thus preventing the embryos of both races of lice from accessing oxygen and from releasing carbon dioxide. Thus, this product offers a complete cure from head lice upon a single treatment, if the lice (motile stages, eggs) are fully covered for about 10 min.“
[Ovicidal effects of a neem seed extract preparation on eggs of body and head lice. Mehlhorn, H., Abdel-Ghaffar, F., Al-Rasheid, K. A., Schmidt, J., Semmler, M., Parasitology research, Vol.109(5), 2011, 1299-1302]