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Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. - syn.Armoracia sativa Bernh., Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. ex Usteri, Cochlearia armoracia L., Cochlearia rusticana Lam., Nasturtium armaracia Fries - Brassicaceae
horseradish, Meerrettich, Kren
Erect perennial herb, 0.40-1.20m high, native to eastern Europe, naturalized in Europe, North America, cultivated in Europe, North America; taproot thick and very deep; basal leaves long-petioled, oblong, pale green, 0.30-1m long, notched; the hollow stem developes later, with short stalked, lanceolate, leaves; tiny white flowers produced in terminal racemes.
„Essences of the volatile components of five samples of horseradish root, three fresh and two of dried flakes, have been prepared and examined by gas chromatography (g.c.) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (g.c.-m.s.). At least 17 compounds are involved. Five of these have been rigorously identified by comparison with authentic compounds, synthesised where necessary, through mass spectra and retention data and the identities of three others have been tentatively established. The compounds concerned are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, 2-butyl, allyl, 4-pentenyl and 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate and allyl thiocyanate. The constituents of the five essences were assessed semi-quantitatively by g.c. and definite differences found. These were reinforced by examination of the headspace vapours over the coarsely grated root.“
[Volatile constituents of horseradish roots., Gilbert, J., Nursten, H. E., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol.23(4), 1972, 527-539]
„Horseradish is a perennial plant with significant antioxidant properties, and it contains about 0.2% to 1.0% of essential oil, mainly sinigrin, sinigrin-derived allylisothiocyanate and diallylsulphide. The aim of the study was to determine composition of volatile compounds of horseradish (A. rusticana L.) roots depending on the genotype. Volatiles from fresh horseradish roots of nine genotypes were extracted using solid phase microextraction with DVB/Car/PDMS fibre and were further analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volatile compounds were identified by comparing their mass spectra with mass spectral libraries (Nist98) and by calculating linear retention indexes and comparing them with the literature data. The studied horseradish genotypes differed both in the quantitative and qualitative content of aroma compounds. Totally 15 volatile compounds were detected, and their highest amount was found in genotype G12B. The main aroma compound of all horseradish samples was allylisothiocyanate, which formed 64-82% of the total identified volatile compounds. The obtained results were compared with those found in the literature. All horseradish samples contained significant amounts of phenylethylisothiocyanate (4-18%) that is formed from glucosinolate - gluconasturtin. The study revealed that genotype has great influence on the content of volatiles in horseradish roots.“
[Composition of volatile compounds of horseradish roots (Armoracia rusticana L.) depending on the genotype. Tomsone, L., Kruma, Z., Galoburda, R., Talou, T., Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture, Vol.29(1), 2013, 1-10]
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