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female flowers open. They are fertilized by pollen that is wind-transported from neighboring trees." | female flowers open. They are fertilized by pollen that is wind-transported from neighboring trees." | ||
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**Areca catechu seeds**, areca nut, Semen Arecae, Arecae semen, Betelnuss [JP XII, CRC] \\ | **Areca catechu seeds**, areca nut, Semen Arecae, Arecae semen, Betelnuss [JP XII, CRC] \\ | ||
Definition. Areca nuts are the fresh seeds from the Betel-nut palm, Areca catechu. The very hard brown nuts are flattened spherical or nearly spherical, up to 3cm in diameter. The taste is astringent and slightly bitter. | Definition. Areca nuts are the fresh seeds from the Betel-nut palm, Areca catechu. The very hard brown nuts are flattened spherical or nearly spherical, up to 3cm in diameter. The taste is astringent and slightly bitter. | ||
- | Constituents. Alkaloids, including 0.3-0.6% arecoline; tannins (15-18%), fat (14-18%) and carbohydrates. | + | Constituents. Alkaloids, including 0.3-0.6% arecoline; tannins (15-18%), fat (14-18%) and carbohydrates. |
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Uses. Areca seed is used for centuries as mild psychostimulant, | Uses. Areca seed is used for centuries as mild psychostimulant, | ||
Side effects. The coloring matter present in the seeds turns the saliva bright red. Excessive use for years may stain the teeth red-brown to nearly black. Salivation and inappetence occur. Betel use is associated with oral leukoplakia, | Side effects. The coloring matter present in the seeds turns the saliva bright red. Excessive use for years may stain the teeth red-brown to nearly black. Salivation and inappetence occur. Betel use is associated with oral leukoplakia, | ||
- | An association between betel-nut chewing and bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients was established. [Taylor RF, al-Jarad N, John LM, Conroy DM, Barnes NC, Lancet, 339(8802), (1992), 1134-6]\\ | + | An association between betel-nut chewing and bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients was established. |
+ | [Taylor RF, al-Jarad N, John LM, Conroy DM, Barnes NC, Lancet, 339(8802), (1992), 1134-6]\\ | ||
Toxicity. Large doses (10g seeds or more) may lead to respiratory or cardial failure. Atropine is suggested as antidot. [Hager, CRC] | Toxicity. Large doses (10g seeds or more) may lead to respiratory or cardial failure. Atropine is suggested as antidot. [Hager, CRC] | ||