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Angelica sinensis (Oliver) Diels - Apiaceae - 当归 dang gui (chin.), dong quai, Chinesische Engelwurz

Perennial, 0.4–1m tall, native to China; root cylindric, branched, rootlets many, succulent, strongly aromatic; stem purplish green, ribbed, branched above; inferior leaves tripinnate, superior leaves often simply pinnate; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin irregularly coarse-cuspidate-serrate; inflorescence an multiforous umbel with irregular rays; petals white, rarely purplish red.
The roots are frequently used in the important traditional Chinese medicine dang gui.
var. sinensis (fruit ellipsoid or ovate, vittae 1–2 on commissure)
var. wilsonii (fruit obovoid or suborbicular, vittae absent on commissure)
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015389

„Dong quai is used for menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a ”blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation… The effectiveness ratings for DONG QUAI are as follows:
Possibly effective for… Premature ejaculation, when applied directly to the skin of the penis in combination with other herbs. The other herbs are Panax ginseng root, Cistanches deserticola, Zanthoxyl species, Torlidis seed, clove flower, Asiasari root, cinnamon bark, and toad venom (SS Cream).
Possibly ineffective for… Menopausal symptoms.“
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/936.html

„Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform extract from the roots of Angelica sinensis led to isolation and characterization of (Z)-ligustilide using direct-bioautography with Colletotrichum species. The structure of (Z)-ligustilide was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. (Z)-Ligustilide deterred the biting of two mosquito species more effectively than DEET. Three different A. sinensis accessions and one Angelica archangelica root oil were evauated by GC and GC/MS, and the dominant component in A. sinensis was 61−69% (Z)-ligustilide. Two other prominent compounds in A. sinensis oils were 5.7−9.8% (E)-3-butylidene phthalide and 1.5−2.3% (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide…
(Z)-Ligustilide is unstable in air and requires refrigeration and is best stored under nitrogen at 4°C in an amber vial.“
[Bioactivity-guided fractionation and GC/MS fingerprinting of Angelica sinensis and Angelica archangelica root components for antifungal and mosquito deterrent activity. Wedge, D. E., Klun, J. A., Tabanca, N., Demirci, B., Ozek, T., Baser, K. H. C., Zhang, J. (2008)., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(2), 2009, 464-470] http://www.afpmb.org/sites/default/files/pubs/dwfp/publications/FY09/Wedge/Wedge2009.pdf