Unterschiede

Hier werden die Unterschiede zwischen zwei Versionen angezeigt.

--- amomum_subulatum_roxb [2014/12/26 12:34]
andreas
+++ amomum_subulatum_roxb [2022/10/03 09:30] (aktuell)
andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-Zingiberaceae - black cardamom, large cardamom, **Schwarzer Kardamom**, Nepal-Kardamom
+Amomum subulatum Roxb. - Zingiberaceae - black cardamom, large cardamom, **Schwarzer Kardamom**, Nepal-Kardamom, Brauner Kardamom
-Perennial herb of Nepal, India, Bhutan and China, 1-2m high; flowers yelowish.
+Perennial herb of Nepal, India, Bhutan and China, 1-2m high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 25-60cm long; flowers yellow. \\
+[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028341]]
 "The pods are used as a spice, in a similar manner to the green Indian cardamom pods, but with a different flavor. Unlike green cardamom, this spice is rarely used in sweet dishes. Its smoky flavor and aroma derive from traditional methods of drying over open flames." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cardamom]]
-"The steam-distilled volatile oil of the large cardamon (Amomum subulatum Roxb.), grown in Sikkim, India, was analysed by GC-MS. It consists of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (16.3%), oxygenated monoterpenes (75.2%) and sesquiterpenes (6.3%). Its major constituents are 1,8-cineole (61.3%), α-terpineol, α- and β-pinene and allo-aromadendrene." [Volatile Constituents of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Gurudutt, K. N., Naik, J. P., Srinivas, P. and Ravindranath, B., Flavour Fragr. J., Vol.11 (1), 1996, 7–9]
+{{blackcardamom_brianarthur.jpg?600}} \\
+Author: Brian Arthur  [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]],  [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlackCardamom.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]
-"Physical and chemical quality attributes of authentic regional cultivars (cv) of large cardamom obtained from North,South, East and West regions of Sikkim (India), Bhutan and Nepal were evaluated. The minimum, maximum and mean values for 12 Sikkim samples in respect of the major quality parameters were... volatile oil (2.6, 4.2 and 3.4% v/w)... GC analysis of the volatile oils showed that there was considerable variation among the cultivars with respect to α-pinene (3.2-4.5%), β-pinene (6.7-8.5%), 1,8-cineol (80.4-84.6%), 4-terpineol (0.60-1.30%) and α-terpineol (3.3-4.3%). The oils were similar with respect to specific gravity and refractive index; but optical rotation values varied to some extent." \\
+Major constituents of the steam-distilled volatile oil of large cardamon (Amomum subulatum Roxb.), grown in Sikkim, India, were 1,8-cineole (61.3%), α-terpineol, α- and β-pinene and allo-aromadendrene. Minor components were monoterpenes like carvone, linalyl acetate and hydroxycitronellal e.g., and sesquiterpenes like α-copaene, and β-cedrene, e.g. \\
+[Volatile Constituents of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.). Gurudutt, K. N., Naik, J. P., Srinivas, P. and Ravindranath, B., Flavour Fragr. J., Vol.11 (1), 1996, 7-9]
+| {{:1.8cineole.jpg| 1,8-cineole }} \\ 1,8-cineole | {{:terpineol_alpha.jpg| α-terpineol}} \\ α-terpineol |{{:alpha_pinene.jpg| α-pinene}} \\ α-pinene | {{:beta_pinene.jpg| β-pinene}} \\ β-pinene |
+"Oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the seeds of green, freshly dried and those available in the local market of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 33 components were identified by mass spectra and relative retention indices. The major component of the oil was 1,8-cineole (81.5-86%)." \\
+[Analysis of the Oil of Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) growing in Sikkim., Rout, P. K., Sahoo, D., Jena, K. S., Rao, Y. R., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15(4), 2003, 265-266]
+"Physical and chemical quality attributes of authentic regional cultivars (cv) of large cardamom obtained from North,South, East and West regions of Sikkim (India), Bhutan and Nepal were evaluated. The minimum, maximum and mean values for 12 Sikkim samples in respect of the major quality parameters were... volatile oil (2.6, 4.2 and 3.4% v/w)... GC analysis of the volatile oils showed that there was considerable variation among the cultivars with respect to α-pinene (3.2-4.5%), β-pinene (6.7-8.5%), 1,8-cineole (80.4-84.6%), 4-terpineol (0.60-1.30%) and α-terpineol (3.3-4.3%). The oils were similar with respect to specific gravity and refractive index; but optical rotation values varied to some extent." \\
 [Studies on quality attributes of cultivars of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)., Pura Naik, J., Kumar, M., Sulochanamma, G., Ramesh, B. S., Journal of Food Science and Technology (India), Vol.43(3), 2006, 308-311]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/BlackCardamom.jpg?500}}
+Major components of the hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the fruits of A.subulatum grown in the northeast region of Sikkim were 1,8-cineole (65.3%), α-terpineol, (10.1%), β-pinene (7.2%), α-pinene (4.0%), linalool oxide (3.2%), and limonene (2.5%). \\
-Author: Brian Arthur  [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]], via [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlackCardamom.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]]
+[Kumar, Gopal, Baby Chauhan, and Mohammed Ali. "Essential oil Composition of the Fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb." (2012).] [[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.301.6845&rep=rep1&type=pdf]]
+{{amomum_subulatum.jpg?600}} \\
+Amomum subulatum Roxb. \\
+Roxburgh, W., Plants of the coast of Coromandel, vol. 3: t. 277 (1819) [n.a.] \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=53582]]

Tinkturenpresse

Benutzer-Werkzeuge

Webseiten-Werkzeuge

Unterschiede

Seiten-Werkzeuge