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Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. - Actinidiaceae
hardy kiwi, kiwi berry, Scharfzähniger Strahlengriffel, Japanische Stachelbeere
Perennial vine, native to Northern China, Korea and Japan.
„…edible, berry or grape-sized fruit similar to kiwifruit in taste and appearance, but are green, brownish, or purple with smooth skin, sometimes with a red blush. Often sweeter than the kiwifruit, hardy kiwifruit can be eaten whole and need not be peeled.“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_arguta
„More than 240 compounds were detected when the volatile components of the flowers and the fruit from several Actinidia arguta genotypes were investigated. Around 60–70 different compounds were extracted from individual tissues of each genotype. Two different methods of volatile sampling (headspace and solvent) favoured different classes of compounds, dependent upon their volatilities and solubilities in the flower or fruit matrices. The compounds extracted from flowers largely comprised linalool derivatives including the lilac aldehydes and alcohols, 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienal, 8-hydroxylinalool, sesquiterpenes, and benzene compounds that are presumed metabolites of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Extracts of fruit samples contained some monoterpenes, but were dominated by esters such as ethyl butanoate, hexanoate, 2-methylbutanoate and 2-methylpropanoate, and by the aldehydes hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal. A number of unidentified compounds were also detected, including 8 from flowers that are so closely related that they are either isomers of one compound or two or more closely related compounds. This is the first report of the presence of a range of linalool derivatives in Actinidia.“
[Actinidia arguta: volatile compounds in fruit and flowers., Matich, A. J., Young, H., Allen, J. M., Wang, M. Y., Fielder, S., McNeilage, M. A., MacRae, E. A., Phytochemistry, Vol.63(3), 2003, 285-301]
„Biosynthesis of lilac compounds in ‘Hortgem Tahi’ kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) flowers was investigated by treating inflorescences with d5-linalool. The incorporation of the deuterium label into 8-hydroxylinalool, 8-oxolinalool, the lilac aldehydes, alcohols, and alcohol epoxides was followed by GC-MS and enantioselective GC-MS. Both (R)- and (S)-linalool were produced naturally by the flowers, but 8-hydroxylinalool, 8-oxolinalool, and the lilac aldehydes and alcohols occurred predominantly as the (S) and 5′(S)-diastereoisomers, respectively. The enantioselective step in the biosynthesis of the lilac aldehydes and alcohols was concluded to be the oxidation of linalool to (S)-8-hydroxylinalool. In contrast, the lilac alcohol epoxides had a 5′(R):(S) ratio, the same as for linalool, which suggests that either these compounds are not synthesised from the 5′(S)-configured lilac aldehydes and alcohols, or that if indeed they are, then it is by an enantioselective step that favours utilisation of the 5′(R)-configured compounds.“
[Chirality and biosynthesis of lilac compounds in Actinidia arguta flowers., Matich, A. J., Bunn, B. J., Comeskey, D. J., Hunt, M. B., Rowan, D. D., Phytochemistry, Vol.68(13), 2007, 1746-1751]
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200013879