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Achyranthes bidentata Blume - Amaranthaceae - ox knee, 牛膝 niu xi (chin.)
Perennial erb, 70-120cm tall, native to Southeast Asia.
„ It is the source of Huái niú xī, a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory activities.“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achyranthes_bidentata
Achyranthes root (JP XII, Hager)
The ancient Chines herbal „Shennung-bencau-ging“ (1st-3rd century) already described the crude drug „Go-shitsu“, which is employed as diuretic or tonic. It is prepared from the roots of plants of the genera Cyathula and Achyranthes and marketed under a variety of commercial names. [Hikino H, Takemoto T; Arthropod moulting hormones from plants, Achyranthes and Cyathula, Naturwissenschaften 59(1972),91-98]
Definition. JPXII describes „Achyranthes Root“ as the dried root of Achyranthes fauriei or Achyranthes bidentata.
Description. The roots is externally greyish-yellow to yellow-brown, with numerous longitudinal wrinkles and slight odor. The surface of fractured root is flat, with greyish-white to light brown on the outer parts and yellow-white center. The taste is slightly sweet, mucilaginous.
Constituents. Polar extracts (eg. methanol) of Achyranthes bidentata roots produced the phytoecdysones beta-ecdysone and inokosterone. [Takemoto T, et al.; Yakugaku Zasshi 88(1968), 1293]
Achyranthes fauriei roots contained beta-ecdysone, epiecdysterone, inokosterone and rubrosterone. [Hikino H, Takemoto T; see cit. above]
Effects. The drug acts diuretic, antiphlogistic, analgesic, hypotensive. The drug was also used to achieve cervix dilatation. [Chang HM, But PPH (Eds.); Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia \
Medica, Vol.I, Chinese Medicinal Material Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, (1987), 223-228]
Stated to have a dramatic therapeutic effect on patients with neuralgia, as described for the crude drug „Go-shitsu“ two thousand years ago. [cited as „unpublished result“ in Hikino H, Takemoto T; see cit. above]