Pinus halepensis Mill. - Pinaceae - Aleppo pine, **Aleppo-Kiefer**

Tree, native to the Mediterranean region, cultivated elsewhere; bark greyish, deeply grooved; leaves in clusters of two, 8-10cm long; cones up to 10cm long; seeds 5‑7 mm long, winged (20mm).

"The resin of the Aleppo pine is used to flavor the Greek wine retsina... Aleppo pine's considerable heat and drought tolerance, fast growth, and aesthetic qualities are highly valued." 
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_halepensis]]

Main components of the essential oil from the needles were α-pinene (18.1%), sabinene (9.4%), myrcene (27.9%), terpinolene (9.9%), and β-caryophyllene (16.4%). Interesting minor components were linalool (0.3%), terpinen-4-ol (1.1%), α-terpineol (0.2%), geranyl acetate (0.3%), and phenylethyl 3-methylbutyrate (1.2%). \\
Main components of the essential oil from the branches were α-pinene (27.9%), myrcene (42.1%), and β-caryophyllene (14.3%). Main components of the essential oil from the female cones were α-pinene (53.6%), myrcene (13.7%), β-caryophyllene (6.7%), and caryophyllene oxide (2.3%). \\
[Macchioni, Fabio, et al. "Chemical composition of essential oils from needles, branches and cones of Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, P. pinaster and P. nigra from central ltaly." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 18.2 (2003): 139-143] 

A commercial essential oil contained α-pinene (30.7%), myrcene (8.5%), limonene (~1.0%), terpinolene (~1.2%), caryophyllene (30.3%), humulene (~6%), α-muurolene (~1.0%), phenylethyl 2-methylbutyrate (35.65; 0.24%), phenylethyl valerate (36.10; ~3.x%), m-camphorene (~4.3%), and p-camphorene (1.6%)  as main components. \\
[GC-MS of P.halepensis EO Essence Pur; Andreas Kraska 20210815]

{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Pinus_halepensis_Cabo_da_Roca.jpg}} \\
Pinus halepensis, Cabo da Roca, Adraga, Portugal (2009); author: Rosino \\
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