Juniperus occidentalis Hook. - Cupressaceae - Western Juniper, Sierra Juniper, **Westamerikanischer Wacholder**

Shrub or tree, native to western North America. (US: Oregon and Washington).

"The essential oil obtained from the heartwood is used as an fragrance component in soaps, sprays and disinfectants as well as as an immersion oil in microscopy." [[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westamerikanischer_Wacholder]]

"The crude oil, as recovered, was a dark-red, opaque liquid. The odor was somewhat harsh, suggestive of the odor of the foliage or bark... [Wood] Oil recovery averaged around 1.4%, of which about 15-40% was cedrol... The oils from high-pressure runs, when treated by the Raybak process (Guentherp. 300 Vol I) yielded about 20-25% of the weight of oil as
crystalline cedrol." [Kurth, Ervin Frank, and John Daryl Ross. "Volatile oil from western juniper." (1954)] [[https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/c247ds142]]

Main components of the essential oil extracted from the wood of J.occidentalis var.occidentalis were cedrol (38.9%), thujopsene (18.9%), α-cedrene (8.8%), β-cedrene (2.6%), widdrol (1.6%), and cuparene (1.5%). \\
[Adams, Robert P. "Investigation of Juniperus species of the United States for new sources of cedarwood oil." Economic Botany 41.1 (1987): 48-54] see also ref. in: [[http://www.juniperus.org/uploads/2/2/6/3/22639912/99-1991sprverlag159-173.pdf]]

|{{:cedrol.jpg| α-cedrol}} \\ cedrol |{{:thujopsene.jpg| thujopsene}} \\ thujopsene |{{:bornylacetate.jpg| bornyl acetate }} \\ bornyl acetate |

Main components of the essential oil extracted from the foliage, were sabinene (13.1%), m-cymene (9.2%), cis-sabinene hydrate (2.2%), linalool (3.7%), camphor (3.8%), borneol (4.3%), 4-terpineol (19.7%), and bornyl
acetate (24.1%). \\
[Duringer, Jennifer M., et al. "Acute aquatic toxicity of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) foliage and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood oils." Environmental monitoring and assessment 170 (2010): 585-598]

{{juniperus_occidentalis_stobbe.jpg}} \\
Juniperus occidentalis (c) Mr Stobbe[[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/|CC BY-SA 2.0]] \\
[[http://www.flickr.com/photos/25788489@N07/4828541416]]