Cannabis sativa L. - Cannabaceae - hemp, marihuana, pot, **(Saat-) Hanf** 

Erect annual herb, up to 2m tall, native to Central Asia; stems fibrous; leaves palmate; flowers small, uni-sexual, wind-pollinated; fruit a nut, 3.5-5mm long and 2.5-4mm broad, gray (C.sativa subsp. sativa) or 2.5-3.5mm long and 1.8-2.5mm broad, brown (C.sativa subsp. spontanea Serebrjakova = Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.).

Main components of the volatiles from fresh and dried hemp buds are monoterpenes like β-myrcene (67%/32%), limonene (16%/16%) and linalool (2.8%/5.0%). Sesquiterpenes present in the oil of dried material are e.g. β-caryophyllene (1%/5%), α-humulene (0.2%/2%), (E)-α-farnesene, β-elemene, (Z)-α-bergamotene, α-guaiene, α-cadinene, γ-muurolene,  γ-curcumene, viridiflorene (ledene), α-longipinene, γ-cis-bisabolene, γ-trans-bisabolene, β-eudesmol (β-selinenol), α-eudesmol (α-selinenol), and α-epi-bisabolol.  \\
[The volatile oil composition of fresh and air-dried buds of Cannabis sativa., Ross, S.A., ElSohly, M.A., Journal of natural products, Vol.59(1), 1996, 49-51] 
[[http://www.medicinalgenomics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/cannabis_volatiles.pdf]]

|{{:myrcene.jpg|myrcene}} \\ myrcene |{{:limonene.jpg| limonene }} \\ limonene |{{:hashishene.png|hashishene}} \\ hashishene |{{prenylthiol.png|3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol}} \\ 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol \\ (prenylthiol) |

Cannabis herb and the resin, hashish, show clear differences in their volatile chemical profiles, mostly resulting from photooxidation. Hashish headspace contain remarkable amounts (1.1-14.9%, median value 10.2%) of the rare monoterpene 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (hashishene). This unusual compound is formed  during the manufacture of hashish by light induced rearrangement of β-myrcene, which is particularly abundant in fresh cannabis herb. \\
[Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo [2.1.1] hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L., Marchini, M., Charvoz, C., Dujourdy, L., Baldovini, N., Filippi, J.J., Journal of Chromatography A, 1370, 2014, 200-215]

The primary compounds that contribute to the characteristic skunk-like aroma of cannabis are a family of volatile sulfur compounds including e.g. 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol (intense, sulfurous, skunk-like), 3-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-butene (intense, sulfurous, savory), and 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetothioate (intense, sulfurous, skunk-like), with 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol correlating most strongly with the aroma of 13 cannabis cultivars. \\
[Oswald, Iain WH, et al. "Identification of a new family of prenylated volatile sulfur compounds in cannabis revealed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography." ACS omega 6.47 (2021): 31667-31676] [[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.1c04196]]

{{:cannabis_sativa.jpg?600}} \\
Kohl,F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.31 (1891-1895)  \\
[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=190322]]


{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Konica_1/PICT4414.JPG}} \\
Cannabis sativa var.sativa\\ © Rolf Marschner (2004),  
[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=416&t=1325| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]