Tinkturenpresse

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Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen syn. Amomum villosum Lour.; Cardamomum villosum (Lour.) Kuntze; Elettaria villosa (Lour.) Miq. - Zingiberaceae - 砂仁 sha ren (chin.), bastard cardamom, false cardamom, Malabar cardamom, **Bastard-Kardamom**

Herb up to 1.5m tall, native to Southeast Asia; rhizomes procumbent above ground, clothed with brown, scalelike sheaths; leaves lanceolate to linear; flowers white, labellum with yellow, purple-tinged midvein, 2 purple spots at base, and yellow apex. [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028347|efloras.org]] \\
Amomum villosum var. villosum (capsule purple when mature and fresh) \\
Amomum villosum var. xanthioides (capsule green or brownish when mature and fresh) 

"Like cardamom, the plant is cultivated for its fruits, dry capsules containing strongly aromatic seeds...The seed of Wurfbainia villosa is used as a spice in Chinese cuisine, in which it can also form an ingredient in certain recipes for the traditional spice mixture known as five-spice powder. From as early as the time of the Tang dynasty, many ancient books, including, notably, the Compendium of Materia Medica, have been unanimous in describing the taste of W. villosa as 'acrid, fresh, and slightly bitter'. " [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurfbainia_villosa|wikipedia]]

Main constituents of the essential oil of the //seeds// were bornyl acetate (40.6%), borneol (14.3%), and camphor.   \\
[Study on the chemical constituents of the essential oil of Amomum villosum Lour seeds cultivated in Nanping [J]. Zhihuan, L. J. W. G. C., Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, Vol.4, 1987, 12]

{{:bornylacetate.jpg| bornyl acetate }}  bornyl acetate

"The principal components of volatile oils from fruits of Amomum villosum Lour growing in different production regions were similar, the top three main ingredients were high in content, totally up to 70% or more, but had different percentage of each component in these volatile oils. The content of borneol acetate is the highest in authentic fruits of Amomum villosum growing in Yanchuan county, Guangdong." \\
[GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil from Fruits of Amomum villosum Lour Growing in Different Production Regions [J]. Chen, F. U., Ri-shui, Z. H. O. U., Guang-xiong, Z. H. O. U., Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, Vol.10, 2010, 51]

"Amomum villosum, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been cultivated in the understory of seasonal rain forest for 40 years in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Cultivated area has reached 58.11 km2 much of which is distributed within nature reserves. This practice has caused controversy on whether A. villosum cultivation would alter the structure and function of the primary forest. This study examined the effects of medicinal plant cultivation on seasonal rain forest by comparing plant diversity, biomass, litterfall and soil nutrients of primary rain forest with disturbed areas where A. villosum is cultivated. The results indicate that plant diversity, tree biomass, litter production and soil nutrients are significantly lower in the disturbed than in the primary rain forest. These results suggest that the cultivation of A. villosum affects the structure and function of the seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna." \\
[The impact of Amomum villosum cultivation on seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, Liu, Hongmao; Gao, Lei; Zheng, Zheng; Feng, Zhili, Biodiversity and Conservation Vol.15 (9), 2006, 2971–2985]

Bornyl acetate (41.3-60.2%) was the main compound in Amomum villosum var. villosum oils, while in Amomum villosum var. xanthioides it was camphor (29.0-44.7%). Cis-nerolidol was only found in var. villosum, not in var. xanthioides. Other main components were α-cadinol, linalool, camphor, myrcene, limonene, terpinolene and borneol e.g. \\
[Ao, Hui, et al. "Comparison of volatile oil between the fruits of Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides TL Wu et Senjen based on GC-MS and chemometric techniques." Molecules 24.9 (2019): 1663] [[https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1663/pdf?version=1556431098|PDF]] 

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Main constituents of the essential oil of the //leaves// were β-pinene (58.5%) and α-pinene (31.2%). \\
[The essential oil of //Amomum villosum// Lour. Fan, P., Jian-Qin, C., Zheng-Ju, Z., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.1(4), 1989, 197-198]

Main components of essential oils collected by hydrodistillation and cellulase-assisted hydrodistillation of the leaves were β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, limonene, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol and myrcene. \\
[Gu, Yuancong, et al. "Optimized Extraction, Comprehensive Chemical Profiling, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Volatile Oils from Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Škorničk. & AD Poulsen Leaves." Plants 14.13 (2025): 2041] [[https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2041/pdf?version=1751535856|PDF]]


{{:wurfbainia_vill.jpg|Wurfbainia villosa}} \\ 
Wurfbainia villosa flowers, China (2024) © 通通 [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=1114503|inaturalist.org]]