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Vallaris glabra (L.) Kuntze - syn.Pergularia glabra L. - Apocanaceae - bread flower, kesidang

Woody climber, native to Java; leaves broadly elliptic; inflorescences long-stalked, with clusters of fragrant
cup-like white flowers, 1.0–1.5 cm in diameter. "The plant
is well known in Thailand and Malaysia because its flowers have a scent of leaves of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) or newly cooked fragrant rice. The aromatic compound is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, first reported in cooked rice and in pandan leaves... With its attractive clusters of white flowers that emit a strong pandan fragrance, V. glabra is becoming a popular ornamental plant in botanic and home gardens of Southeast Asia. Potted plants can be purchased from nurseries." \\
[Botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of selected Apocynaceae species: A review. Pharmacogn Commun. WONG, Siu Kuin, et al., 2013, Vol.3, 2-11]

{{:2acetyl1pyrroline.jpg|}}  2-acetyl-1-pyrroline

"The aroma impact compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), has been identified for the first time in headspace of fresh bread flowers (//Vallaris glabra// Ktze) in which volatile components were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) at room temperature prior to analysis by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. A total of 50 volatiles were detected. Among these, 23 volatiles were identified, predominantly in a group of terpenes. More volatiles were found in the extract of fresh bread flowers obtained by continuous steam distillation and solvent extraction (SDS). Of the 40 volatiles identified, the additional components were mainly straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons. 2AP was found in the extracts obtained by both SPME (0.37%) and SDS (2.71% relative proportion). Quantitative analyses of 2AP in bread flowers and other plant materials were performed by solvent extraction employing acidic solutions and capillary GC with flame ionization detection. The highest concentration of 2AP was found in dried flowers of V. glabra at 26.1 mg/kg. By comparison with other plant sources, fresh leaves of [[pandanus_amaryllifolius_roxb|Pandanus amaryllifolius]] Roxb contain 2AP at 10.3 mg/kg and Thai fragrant rice, Khao Dawk Mali 105, at 3.0 mg/kg." \\
[Identification and Quantitation of the Rice Aroma Compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, in Bread Flowers (Vallaris glabra Ktze). Sugunya Wongpornchai, Tinakorn Sriseadka, Suppachai Choonvisase, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51 (2), 2003, 457–462]

"From the leaves of V. glabra, cardiac glycosides, phenolic acids, fatty acids and triterpenes have been isolated... V. glabra  is a unique plant because it displayed both strong and broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity against HT-29, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKOV-3 cancer cells, and antiplasmodial activity against K1 strain of P. falciparum... a potential candidate for anticancer and antimalarial drug discovery. With much higher CQA (caffeoylquinic acid) content in the leaves of V. glabra than flowers of L. japonica (the commercial source), the species can serve as a promising alternative source of CQA." \\
[Botany, uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Vallaris: A short review. Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. Pharmacognosy Journal, Vol.5 (5), 2013, 242-246]\\
[[http://www.academia.edu/5915008/Botany_uses_phytochemistry_and_pharmacology_of_Vallaris_A_short_review]]

{{Vallaris_glabra.jpg?800|Flowers of Vallaris glabra (Apocynaceae), 2009, Siu Kuin Wong,Photo taken in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia}} \\
Flowers of Vallaris glabra (Apocynaceae), 2009, Siu Kuin Wong,Photo taken in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, (PD, [[https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.de|CC0]]) \\
[[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vallaris_glabra.jpg]]