Tinkturenpresse

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Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. syn.Eruca perennis Mill.; Eruca muralis G. Gaertn., B.Mey.&Scherb. - Brassicaceae \\
perennial wall-rocket, wild rocket, **Schmalblättrige Doppelsame**, Wilde Rauke, Rucola

Perennial herb, 20-70cm high, native to the Mediterranean region, naturalized elsewhere, cultivated.

„Baby leaf rocket is cultivated worldwide as a salad leaf. In addition to D. tenuifolia, the annual [[eruca_vesicaria_subsp._sativa_mill._thell|Eruca sativa]] is grown and marketed under the same common names.“ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplotaxis_tenuifolia]]

"Leaves of Eruca and Diplotaxis contained high amounts of 4-mercaptobutylglucosinolate with lower levels of 4-methylthiobutlyglucosinolate and 4-methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate. Flowers of Eruca and Diplotaxis contained predominantly 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-glucosinolate. In addition, roots of both Diplotaxis species contained 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate but 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate was absent from roots of Eruca. Seeds and seedlings of all Eruca contained N-heterocyclic compounds but no sinapine, whereas Diplotaxis contained sinapine but not the N-heterocycles." \\
[Bennett, Richard N., et al. "Ontogenic profiling of glucosinolates, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites in Eruca sativa (salad rocket), Diplotaxis erucoides (wall rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket), and Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket)." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 54.11 (2006): 4005-4015]

{{4mtbitc.jpg}} 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate (cleavage product of glucoerucin)

D.tenuifolia and E.sativa are well known for accumulating glucosinolate compounds (GSL), which are hydrolysed by myrosinase enzymes into  isothiocyanates (ITC) and nitriles. Erucin (4-methylthio-butyl-ITC) and sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinyl-butyl-ITC) are present in both rocket species. A commercial variety of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (cv. Torino) contained more than 200 µg/g dry weight (day seven shelf live) and more than 300 µg/g dry weight (post transport) of erucin (from glucoerucin; 4-methylthiobutyl GLS) and sulforaphan (from glucoraphanin; 4-methylsulfinyl-butyl GLS) all together. \\
[Bell, Luke, et al. "Changes in rocket salad phytochemicals within the commercial supply chain: Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, amino acids and bacterial load increase significantly after processing." Food chemistry 221 (2017): 521-534] \\
[[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814616320039]]

"The volatile profile of crushed rocket leaves (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia) was investigated by applying Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME), combined with GC–MS, to an aqueous extract obtained by homogenization of rocket leaves, and stabilized by addition of CaCl2... (Z)- and (E)-3-hexenal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, contribute to green aroma notes. 4-Mercaptobutyl isothiocyanate (ITC) contributes to typical rocket aroma. 4-Methylthiobutyl ITC, 1-octen-3-one, 1-penten-3-one are other key odorants. 4-Methylsulfinylbutyl ITC was detected in the headspace of crushed leaves." \\
[Raffo, Antonio, et al. "Characterization of volatiles and identification of odor-active compounds of rocket leaves." Food chemistry 240 (2018): 1161-1170]

{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_3/P1160284.JPG}} \\
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Wien (Austria) © Rolf Marschner (2009) [[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=463&t=1712| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]