Tinkturenpresse

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Cichorium endivia L. - Asteraceae - endive, escarole (fr.), chicorée frisée (fr.), **Endivie**, Frisee(salat)

"Endive belongs to the chicory genus, which includes several similar bitter leafed vegetables. Species include endive (Cichorium endivia), Cichorium pumilum, and common chicory (Cichorium intybus)... Because of the name, endive is wrongly associated with Belgian endive, which is a cultivated variety of common chicory... \\
Curly endive, or frisée (var. crispum). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. \\
Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var. latifolia), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties." \\
[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endive|wikipedia]]

"Concentrates of endive volatiles were obtained by standard controlled solvent extraction... of blended leaves... led to identification of 119 volatiles... Qualitatively and quantitatively enzyme-catalysed lipid cleavage products were predominant; C6 aldehydes comprised about 70% of the total amount of volatiles." \\
[Neutral volatiles from blended endive (Cichorium endivia, L.)., Goetz-Schmidt, E.M., Schreier, P., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol.34(2), 1986, 212-215]

As in [[cichorium_intybus_l|C.intybus]], sesquiterpene lactones like lactucin and lactucopicrin and their glycosides are present in C.endivia and responsbible for the bitterness. \\
[Seto, M., et al. "Sesquiterpene lactones from Cichorium endivia L. and C. intybus L. and cytotoxic activity." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36.7 (1988): 2423-2429] [[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb1958/36/7/36_7_2423/_pdf|PDF]]

{{:endivia.jpg}} \\
a. Endivia sativa scariole, b. Endivia crispa \\
Weinmann, J.W., Phytanthoza iconographia, vol.2, t.477, fig.a (1739) [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=242895|plantgenera.org]]

{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_8/P1750774.JPG}} \\
Cichorium endivia © Rolf Marschner (2012) [[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=3489| botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]