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--- saraca_asoca_roxb._wilde [2016/06/15 13:14] – andreas
+++ saraca_asoca_roxb._wilde [2026/03/03 08:58] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 2: / Zeile 2: @@
 ashoka, asoka tree, **Asokabaum**
-Ornamental tree with showy inflorescences, native to  Assam, East Pakistan, upper Burma, Malaya, Ceylon and South India, cultivated in tropical Asia; leaves opposite, up to 30 cm long, leaflets lanceolate; flowers lacking petals, the 4 sepals are orange-red colored. The bark is used in uterine infections and as astringent in cases of internal haemorrhoids.\\
+Ornamental tree with showy inflorescences, native to  Assam, East Pakistan, upper Burma, Malaya, Ceylon and South India, cultivated in tropical Asia; leaves opposite, up to 30 cm long, leaflets lanceolate; flowers lacking petals, the 4 sepals are orange-red colored. The bark is used in uterine infections and as astringent in cases of internal haemorrhoids. [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=242425222|efloras.org]]
-[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=242425222]]
-"The ashoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant flowers. It is a handsome, small, erect evergreen tree, with deep green leaves growing in dense clusters." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca]]
+"The ashoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant flowers. It is a handsome, small, erect evergreen tree, with deep green leaves growing in dense clusters." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraca_asoca|wikipedia]]
 "Many legends, cultural and scientific, were connected with asoka but as a medicinal tree against female diseases was not thoroughly recognised before the ninth century of our era... According... to Hiuen-Tsang the Buddha was born under a asoka tree." \\
-[Asoka (Saraca indica Linn)–a cultural and scientific evaluation. Biswas, T. K., and P. K. Debnath., Indian journal of history of science, Vol.7(2), 1972, 99-114]
+[Asoka (Saraca indica Linn)-a cultural and scientific evaluation. Biswas, T. K., and P. K. Debnath., Indian journal of history of science, Vol.7(2), 1972, 99-114] [[http://www.dli.gov.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20006186_99.pdf|PDF]]
-[[http://www.dli.gov.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20006186_99.pdf]]
-{{:z1methyl3hexenylsalicylate.jpg| (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate}} (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate  //(crisp green-floral)//
+|{{:z1methyl3hexenylsalicylate.jpg| (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate}} \\ (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate \\ //(crisp green-floral)// | {{:3hexenylsalicylate.jpg| (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate}} \\ (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate\\ //(floral green)// | {{:prenylsalicylate.jpg| prenyl salicylate}} \\ prenyl salicylate\\ //(floral, sweet herbal)// |
-The flower scent of ashoka is "very diffusive and far-reaching, it brings to mind a delightful combination of lily and freesia, accompanied by a shade of orange blossom. \\
+The flower scent of ashoka is "...very diffusive and far-reaching, it brings to mind a delightful combination of lily and freesia, accompanied by a shade of orange blossom." \\
-"Although the scent, trapped on Porapaqk SQ, contained mainly (E,E)-farnesene (49%) and (E)-ocimene (29%), "... the very crisp and clean lily note is due to the combination of benzyl salicylate with prenyl salicylate, (Z)-hex-3-enyl salicylate, and (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate, all charcaterized by very low odor treshold values... (Z)-1-Methylhex-3-enyl salicylate... is characterized by a very appealing transparent and crisp floral-green odor. It is of basic importance - in combination with the salicylates mentioned above, β-ionone, jasmone, methyl anthranilate, and 1H-indole - to the flower scent of Saraca indica." \\
+Although the scent, trapped on Porapaqk SQ, contained mainly (E,E)-farnesene (49%) and (E)-ocimene (29%), "...the very crisp and clean lily note is due to the combination of benzyl salicylate with prenyl salicylate, (Z)-hex-3-enyl salicylate, and (Z)-1-methylhex-3-enyl salicylate, all charcaterized by very low odor treshold values... (Z)-1-Methylhex-3-enyl salicylate... is characterized by a very appealing transparent and crisp floral-green odor. It is of basic importance - in combination with the salicylates mentioned above, β-ionone, jasmone, methyl anthranilate, and 1H-indole - to the flower scent of Saraca indica." \\
 [Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 165-166]
 |{{:ionone_beta.jpg| β-ionone}} \\ β-ionone | {{:indole.jpg| indole}} \\ indole | {{:methylanthranilate.jpg| methyl anthranilate}} \\ methyl anthranilate | {{:jasmone_cis.jpg| (Z)-jasmone}} \\ (Z)-jasmone |
+Main components of the hydro-distilled essential oil from the flowers of S.asoca were E,E-α-farnesene (41.2%),
+hexadecanoic acid (15.3%), methyl salicylate (9.5%) and Z-lanceol (6.6%). Minor component s were e.g. 1,8-cineole, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, and β-ionone.  \\
+[Joshi, Rajesh K. "E, E-α-Farnesene rich essential oil of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wilde flower." Natural product research 30.8 (2016): 979-981] [[https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_i_E_i_i_E_i_i_945_i_Farnesene_rich_essential_oil_of_i_Saraca_asoca_i_Roxb_Wilde_flower/1569235/1/files/2351661.pdf|PDF]]
+----
 "Saraca asoca is reported to contain glycoside, flavanoids, tannins and saponins. It is used as spasmogenic,
 oxytocic, uterotonic, anti-bacterial, anti-implantation, anti-tumour, anti-progestational, antiestrogenic activity against menorrhagia and anti-cancer." \\
-[Saraca asoca (Ashoka): A Review. P. Pradhan, L. Joseph, V. Gupta, R. Chulet, H. Arya, R. Verma, A. Bajpai,  Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Vol.1(1), 2009, 62-71]
+[Saraca asoca (Ashoka): A Review. P. Pradhan, L. Joseph, V. Gupta, R. Chulet, H. Arya, R. Verma, A. Bajpai,  Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Vol.1(1), 2009, 62-71] [[http://jocpr.com/first-issue/JOCPR-6.pdf|PDF]]
-[[http://jocpr.com/first-issue/JOCPR-6.pdf]]
-{{:asoka.jpg?500}} \\
+{{:asoka.jpg?700}} \\
 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd. [as Jonesia asoca Roxb.], Indian Sorrowless tree \\
-Paxton, J., Lindley, J., Paxton’s flower garden, vol. 1: t. 32 (1853) [L. Constans] \\
+Paxton, J., Lindley, J., Paxton’s flower garden, vol. 1: t. 32 (1853) [L. Constans]
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=906173]]
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=906173|plantgenera.org]]
+{{:ashokatree.jpg}} \\
+Ashoka tree with flowers © Primejyothi [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]] [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AshokaTreeAndFlower.JPG|wikimedia]]