Unterschiede

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--- sambucus_nigra_l [2018/02/22 14:13] – andreas
+++ sambucus_nigra_l [2025/07/11 10:32] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 25: / Zeile 25: @@
 [Eberhardt, Reinhild, and Werner Pfannhauser. "Analyse flüchtiger Inhaltsstoffe des Holunders." Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung 181.2 (1985): 97-100]
-|{{:cislinalooloxide_pyranoid.jpg| cis-linalool oxide (pyranoid)}} \\ cis-linalool oxide \\ (pyranoid) |{{:hotrienol.jpg| hotrienol }} \\ hotrienol |{{:linalool.jpg| linalool}} \\ linalool | {{:rose_oxide4r2s_cis.jpg| cis-rose oxide }} \\ cis-rose oxide |{{:neroloxide.jpg| nerol oxide }} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1001891.html|nerol oxide]] |
+The headspace of S.niger flowers contained 5-hydroxylinalool (6.4%, odor type floral-sour citrus, with a dry straw undertone), furthermore [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1624501.html|isoleucine methyl ester]] (7%) and also valine methyl ester (0.3%). In particular methyl isoleucinate contributes to the special odor of the fresh flowers. Literature-mentioned amines like ethylamine, isobutylamine and isoamylamine could not be found, but imines derived from isoleucine methyl ester with acetaldehyde (0.15%), butanal (0.1%), and acetone (0.15%), definitely identified with authentic samples and GC. \\
-The headspace of S.niger flowers contained [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1624501.html|isoleucine methyl ester]] (7%), imines theirof (ethyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-) and also valine methyl ester (0.3%). In particular methyl isoleucinate contributes to the special odor of the fresh flowers. \\
 [The composition of the headspace from fragrant flowers: further results., Joulain, D., Flavour and fragrance journal, 2(4), 1987, 149-155]
@@ Zeile 35: / Zeile 33: @@
 Of 59 volatile compounds found in acidified elderflower syrup extract, 28 were included in four principal components (PC1-PC4). Factor analysis showed that "...important contributors to the floral and elderflower flavour of the extracts were rose oxides, hotrienol, linalool, linalool derivatives and α-terpineol, whereas the fruitiness and freshness of the extracts were mainly due to non-oxidized monoterpenes, aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols." \\
 [Relationship between sensory quality and volatile compounds of elderflower (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts., Kaack, K., Christensen, L.P., Hughes, M., Eder, R., European Food Research and Technology, 223(1), 2006, 57-70]
+|{{:cislinalooloxide_pyranoid.jpg| cis-linalool oxide (pyranoid)}} \\ cis-linalool oxide \\ (pyranoid) |{{:hotrienol.jpg| hotrienol }} \\ hotrienol |{{:linalool.jpg| linalool}} \\ linalool | {{:rose_oxide4r2s_cis.jpg| cis-rose oxide }} \\ cis-rose oxide |{{:neroloxide.jpg| nerol oxide }} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1001891.html|nerol oxide]] |{{:damascenone.jpg|(E)-β-damascenone }} \\ (E)-β-damascenone |
+Main volatiles (>1%) of elderflower scent trapped on Porapak SQ were (E)-β-ocimene (68.5%), linalool (10.8%), (Z)-3-hexenol (5.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (1.3%), and hexenyl acetate (1.1%). Among the minor components were e.g. fruit esters, C6 alcohols, trans-rose oxide (0.01%), cis-rose oxide (0.01%), citronellal  (0.02%), isoleucine methyl ester (0.9%), benzaldehyde (0.02%), hotrienol (0.03%), neral (0.02%), nerol (0.7%), geraniol (0.9%), β-ionone (0.02%), anisaldehyde (0.05%), indole (0.01%) and damascenone (trace).\\
+"If we take a  look at the scent composition of the true flowers of Sambucus nigra... we can recognize this Gewürztraminer accord [of cis-rose oxide, nerol oxide, linalool and β-damascenone] in a nearly idealized manner..." \\
+[Meaningful Scents around the World, Roman Kaiser, Zürich 2006, 185; 259-260]
 Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction(HS-SPME) of elderflowers from two austrian main varieties (Haschberg, Rubin) and wild species of Sambucus nigra yielding over 100 substances which are contributing to the typical scent. Most noticeable concentration differences between the two cultivated varieties shown the terpenes ocimene (main component), linalool, linalooloxide and epoxylinalool. Wild species show nearly identic aromatic profiles. \\
 [Aromakomponenten in Holunderblüten. Georg Innerhofer, Barbara Siegmund. Haidegger Perspektiven, 2011, 6-7] [[http://www.verwaltung.steiermark.at/cms/dokumente/11712303_75777092/a133b95d/2011-01.pdf]]
+GC-MS and GC-O were used to identify the volatile compounds of the elder flowers and the sensory properties of the compounds. For the evaluation of the sensory properties of blossoms as well as syrups, sensory evaluation was performed using a trained sensory test panel. Linalool, rose oxide, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-methylbutanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, geraniol, α-terpineol, neral, and β-damascenone showed the highest aroma potential in elder flowers. \\
+[Sortendifferenzierung von Holunder über das Aroma der Blüten, Pabi Nicole, 2012] \\
+[[https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=576a7a33edeb2&location=browse]]
 "The elderflower concrete is obtained by primary solvent extraction of the flowers, and the absolute is produced through alcoholic washing of this concrete." Elderflower absolute owns a sweet, hay, dried fruit- and tobacco-like odor. \\
@@ Zeile 45: / Zeile 53: @@
 **elderberry**
-"Aroma compounds emitted from elderberry juices processed from seven cultivars...sensory characteristics of the individual aroma compounds in elderberry juice were determined by a GC-sniffing technique, and the compounds were grouped according to their odour. The characteristic elderberry odour is due to [[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R330233|dihydroedulan]] and β-damascenone, of which the former occurs in relatively high concentrations in the headspace of elderberry juice. \\
+"Aroma compounds emitted from elderberry juices processed from seven cultivars...sensory characteristics of the individual aroma compounds in elderberry juice were determined by a GC-sniffing technique, and the compounds were grouped according to their odour. The characteristic elderberry odour is due to [[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R330233|dihydroedulan]] and β-damascenone, of which the former occurs in relatively high concentrations in the headspace of elderberry juice.
-| {{:dihydroedulan.jpg|dihydroedulan}} \\ dihydroedulan | {{:damascenone.jpg| β-damascenone}} \\ β-damascenone |
+{{:dihydroedulan.jpg|dihydroedulan}} dihydroedulan
 The fruity group consisted of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes and aromatic esters, of which 1-pentanal, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2- and 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octanal, 1-octanol and methyl and ethyl benzoate contributed with fruity notes. In the flowery group, 1-nonanal, nerol oxide and (Z)- and (E)-rose oxide contributed with characteristic elder flower odour, whereas other flowery notes were associated with hotrienol, linalool and α-terpineol. Fresh and grassy odours were correlated with 1-hexanal, (E)-2-hexen-1-al, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and (E)-2-octen-1-al of the grassy group, whereas 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octen-3-one of the agrestic group contributed significantly with the characteristic aroma of mushrooms." \\