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--- populus_balsamifera_l [2018/06/25 13:22] – andreas
+++ populus_balsamifera_l [2025/03/31 07:52] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
 Populus balsamifera L. - syn.Populus tacamahacca Mill.; Populus candicans Aiton - Salicaceae \\
 balsam poplar, hackmatack. tacamahac, Balm of Gilead, **Balsampappel**
+Tree, up to 40m tall, native to North America; bark reddish gray, branchlets reddish brown, becoming grayish brown by third year; winter buds reddish, glabrous, resinous (resin red, abundant, very fragrant, balsamic); flowering buds clustered distally on branchlets; leaves petioled, blade usually narrowly ovate to ovate, rarely broadly ovate, abaxial surface often with reddish orange resin stains, glaucous, (veins prominent), adaxial dark green, glabrous; catkins moderately loosely (35-)50-70(-80)-flowered, flowers: discs shallowly cup-shaped, not obviously oblique, entire, 2-3(-4) mm diam.; stamens 20-30; capsules ovoid, (3-) 5-8 mm, glabrous, 2-valved. Seeds 15-22 per placenta. \\
+[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242430290]]
+"The tree is known for its strong, sweet fragrance, which emanates from its sticky, resinous buds. The smell has been compared to that of the balsam fir tree." \\
+[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_balsamifera]]
 Major volatile components of balsam poplar winter-dormant buds are 1,8-cineole, (E)-nerolidol and (+)-α-bisabolol. \\
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 Major components of the essential oil from the flower buds of balsam poplar are α-bisabolol (27.4%), δ-cadinene (6.9%), and (E)-nerolidol (5.8%), minor ones e.g. (E)-β-farnesene (1.9%), and 1,8-cineole (1.5%). \\
 [Tisserand, Robert, and Rodney Young. Essential oil safety: a guide for health care professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013, 202]
+"...essential oils were isolated from the buds of P. balsamifera and propolis collected in Montana. The main components of the essential oil from P. balsamifera were E-nerolidol (64.0%), 1,8-cineole (10.8%), benzyl benzoate (3.7%), α-terpinyl acetate (2.7%), α-pinene (1.8%), o-methyl anisol (1.8%), salicylaldehyde (1.8%), and benzyl salicylate (1.6%). Likewise, the essential oil from propolis was enriched with E-nerolidol (14.4%), cabreuva oxide-VI (7.9%), α-bisabolol (7.1%), benzyl benzoate (6.1%), β-eudesmol (3.6%), T-cadinol (3.1%), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (3.1%), α-eudesmol (3.0%), fokienol (2.2%), nerolidol oxide derivative (1.9%), decanal (1.8%), 3-butenyl benzene (1.5%), 1,4-dihydronaphthalene (1.5%), selina-4,11-diene (1.5%), α-cadinol (1.5%), linalool (1.4%), γ-cadinene (1.4%), 2-phenylethyl-2-methyl butyrate (1.4%), 2-methyl-2-butenol (1.3%), octanal (1.1%), benzylacetone (1.1%), and eremoligenol (1.1%). A comparison between P. balsamifera and propolis essential oils demonstrated that 22 compounds were found in both essential oil samples." \\
+[Schepetkin, Igor A., et al. "Neutrophil Immunomodulatory activity of nerolidol, a major component of essential oils from Populus balsamifera buds and propolis." Plants 11.23 (2022): 3399]
 {{:populus_balsamifera.jpg?600}} \\