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--- piper_guineense_thonn [2016/01/08 13:10] – andreas
+++ piper_guineense_thonn [2021/01/16 10:57] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 13: / Zeile 13: @@
 [Essential oil constituents of Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense) fruits (berries)., Ekundayo, O., Laakso, I., Adegbola, R.M., Oguntimein, B., Sofowora, A., Hiltunen, R., Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 36(5), 1988, 880-882] [[http://sites.chem.colostate.edu/diverdi/C431/experiments/gas%20chromatography%20and%20the%20smelloscope/references/j_agri_food_chem_1988_v36_p880.pdf]]
-The essential oil of black Ashanti pepper from Cameroon contained mainly β-caryophyllene (57.5%), β-elemene (5.1%), bicyclogermacrene (5.0%) and α-humulene (4.8%). The oil of white Ashanti pepper from Cameroon containened mainly β-caryophyllene (51.7%), cis-β-ocimene (6.6%), limonene (5.8%), β-pinene (4.5%), linalool (3.9%) and α-humulene (3.2%). "The most intense odor impressions of the essential oils of the various dried pepper fruits were given by professional perfumers as follows: P.nigrum (black) - fine, pleasant black pepper note; P.guineense (black) - black pepper top-note; and P.guineense (white) - pleasant white pepper note... the main compounds such as β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene and α-humulene, as well as minor constituents such as δ-carene, β-phellandrene, isoborneol, α-guaiene, sarisan, elemicin, calamenene, caryophyllene alcohol, isoelemicin, T-muurolol, cubenol and bulnesol, are of greatest importance for the characteristic pepper odor notes..." \\
+The essential oil of black Ashanti pepper from Cameroon contained mainly β-caryophyllene (57.5%), β-elemene (5.1%), bicyclogermacrene (5.0%) and α-humulene (4.8%). The oil of white Ashanti pepper from Cameroon containened mainly β-caryophyllene (51.7%), cis-β-ocimene (6.6%), limonene (5.8%), β-pinene (4.5%), linalool (3.9%) and α-humulene (3.2%). \\
+"The most intense odor impressions of the essential oils of the various dried pepper fruits were given by professional perfumers as follows: P.nigrum (black) - fine, pleasant black pepper note; P.guineense (black) - black pepper top-note; and P.guineense (white) - pleasant white pepper note... the main compounds such as β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene and α-humulene, as well as minor constituents such as δ-carene, β-phellandrene, isoborneol, α-guaiene, sarisan, elemicin, calamenene, caryophyllene alcohol, isoelemicin, T-muurolol, cubenol and bulnesol, are of greatest importance for the characteristic pepper odor notes..." \\
 [Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry., Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Ngassoum, M.B., Geissler, M., Journal of Chromatography A, 976(1), 2002, 265-275]
-{{:piper_guineense.jpg?500}} \\
+"The main compounds of P. guineense essential oil were linalool (41.8%) and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (10.9%). These two main compounds were shown to play a major role in the sedative activity of P. guineense essential oil." \\
+[Tankam, Joan Manjuh, and Michiho Ito. "Inhalation of the essential oil of Piper guineense from Cameroon shows sedative and anxiolytic-like effects in mice." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36.10 (2013): 1608-1614] [[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/36/10/36_b13-00491/_pdf]]
+{{:piper_guineense.jpg?600}} \\
 Bulletin de la Société royale de botanique de Belgique, vol.51 t.72 (1912) [J.Fleischmann] \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=797021]]
-{{:paradieskorn.jpg?700}} \\
+{{http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/images/pictures/piper_guineense,_nguti_2392_86b1cb.jpg}} \\
-ashanti pepper, **Paradieskörner**
+Piper guineense, photographer Stefan Porembski, 2009, Cameroon, Nguti \\
+[[http://www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=14&id=2392]] \\
+Brunken, U., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Janssen, T., Thiombiano, A. & Zizka, G. 2008. West African plants - A Photo Guide. www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de. - Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.