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--- pimenta_dioica_l._merr [2015/06/13 09:39] – Externe Bearbeitung 127.0.0.1
+++ pimenta_dioica_l._merr [2018/06/27 19:01] (aktuell) – andreas
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 allspice, Jamaica pepper, (Mexican) pimento, clove pepper, **Piment**, Nelkenpfeffer
-Evergreen dioecious tree, 6-15m high; native to Central America, Cuba and Jamaica; bark grey; leaves opposite, simple; flowers white, 0.6cm across.
+Evergreen dioecious tree, 6-15m high; native to Central America, Cuba and Jamaica; bark grey; leaves opposite, simple; flowers white, 0.6cm across; fruits 2-seeded, 5-8mm in diam.
 "Allspice is the dried fruit of the P. dioica plant. The fruit are picked when green and unripe and are traditionally dried in the sun. When dry, they are brown and resemble large brown peppercorns. The whole fruit have a longer shelf life than the powdered product and produce a more aromatic product when freshly ground before use.\\
 Fresh leaves are used where available. They are similar in texture to bay leaves and are thus infused during cooking and then removed before serving. Unlike bay leaves, they lose much flavour when dried and stored, so do not figure in commerce. The leaves and wood are often used for smoking meats where allspice is a local crop." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allspice]]
+Methyl eugenol (48.3-67.9%) was the main component of the oil isolated from Mexican pimento berries. \\
+[Comparative study of the oil and supercritical CO2 extract of Mexican pimento (Pimenta dioica Merrill)., García-Fajardo, J., Martínez-Sosa, M., Estarrón-Espinosa, M., Vilarem, G., Gaset, A., de Santos, J.M., Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9(2), 1997, 181-185]
 "Leaves of Pimenta dioica were used for supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide to isolate the corresponding volatile concentrate... The main constituent in the extract was eugenol (77.9%)." \\
 [Comparative analysis of supercritical CO2 extract and oil of //Pimenta dioica// leaves., Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Porcedda, S., Casu, R., Pierucci, P., Journal of Essential Oil Research, Vol.17(5), 2005, 530-532]
-Main component of the essenital oil of P.dioica fruits is eugenol (86.4%), accompanied by methyl eugenol (3.8%), β-caryophyllene (7.7%), α-humulene (1%) and some limonene and 1,8-cineole. \\
+{{:eugenol.jpg| eugenol}} eugenol
+Main component of the essential oil of P.dioica fruits is eugenol (86.4%), accompanied by methyl eugenol (3.8%), β-caryophyllene (7.7%), α-humulene (1%) and some limonene (0.18%) and 1,8-cineole (0.10%). \\
 [Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), allspice (Pimenta dioica) and litsea (Litsea cubeba) essential oils against pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Park, I. K., Kim, J., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Journal of nematology, 39(3), 2007, 275] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586506/]]
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 [Composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of pimento (//Pimenta dioica (L) Merr.//) from Jamaica., Padmakumari, K. P., Sasidharan, I., Sreekumar, M. M., Natural product research, Vol.25(2), 2011, 152-160]
-{{http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Pimenta_dioica_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-239.jpg}}
+----
+Main components of the essential oil from the leaves of P.dioica were eugenol (76.0%), methyl eugenol (7.1%), β-caryophyllene (6.4%), α-humulene (1.4%) and α-selinene (1.0%). \\
+[Jirovetz, L., Buchbauer, G., Stoilova, I., Krastanov, A., Stoyanova, A., & Schmidt, E. (2007). Spice plants: chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Pimenta Lindl. essential oils, part 1: Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. leaf oil from Jamaica. NUTRITION-VIENNA-, 31(2), 55]
+{{:pimenta_officinalis.jpg?600}} \\
+Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. as Pimenta officinalis Lindl.; Köhler,F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.2 t.174 (1890) \\
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=792708]]
+{{http://tropical.theferns.info/plantimages/sized/9/2/92c506b85b8395aa6c7b1a2de168e16e132379a0_960px.jpg}} \\
+Ripening fruits of Pimenta dioica, [[http://tropical.theferns.info/image.php?id=Pimenta+dioica|Useful Tropical Plants]], Author: Forest and Kim Starr  [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en|CC BY-SA 2.0]]