| Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende Überarbeitung | |
| mentha_spicata_l [2022/05/29 12:53] – andreas | mentha_spicata_l [2025/11/04 08:54] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| [[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24082]] | [[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24082]] |
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| Perennial herb, 30-60cm tall, native to Southeast Europe and West Asia, cultivated worldwide; stems quadrangular; leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, apix acute; cylindric terminal spikes of white to pink or purplish flowers. \\ | Perennial herb, 30-60cm tall, native to Southeast Europe and West Asia, cultivated worldwide; stems quadrangular; leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, apix acute; cylindric terminal spikes of white to pink or purplish flowers. [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200019821]] |
| [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200019821]] | |
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| "High enantiometic purity of (R)(-)-carvone was detected in the oils of spearmint from various sources." \\ | "High enantiometic purity of [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] was detected in the oils of spearmint from various sources." \\ |
| [Chiral GC analysis of (S)(+)‐and (R)(−)‐carvone with high enantiomeric purity in caraway, dill and spearmint oils., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Katzir, I., Weinstein, V., Ikan, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 7(5), 1992, 289-292] | [Chiral GC analysis of (S)(+)‐and (R)(−)‐carvone with high enantiomeric purity in caraway, dill and spearmint oils., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Katzir, I., Weinstein, V., Ikan, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 7(5), 1992, 289-292] |
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| |{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} \\ [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] |{{:menthone_.jpg|(-)-menthone}} \\ (-)-menthone | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole | | |
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| Spearmint essential oil is dominated by carvone (37.7%), menthol (16.1%), limonene (15.0%), and menthone (9.7%), with smaller abundances of isomenthone (4.4%), neomenthol (2.4%), menthyl acetate (1.4%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (1.1%). Menthofuran was not found.\\ | Spearmint essential oil is dominated by carvone (37.7%), menthol (16.1%), limonene (15.0%), and menthone (9.7%), with smaller abundances of isomenthone (4.4%), neomenthol (2.4%), menthyl acetate (1.4%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (1.1%). Menthofuran was not found.\\ |
| [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214] | [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214] |
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| | |{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} \\ (R)(-)-carvone |{{:menthone_.jpg|(-)-menthone}} \\ (-)-menthone | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole | {{:damascenone.jpg|}} \\ (E)-β-damascenone | {{:3e5zundecatrien.jpg}} \\ (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene | |
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| The essential oil of the leaves and twigs of nana mint (Mentha spicata L. ssp.spicata, syn.Mentha viridis L. var.nanah) is characterized by higher amounts of (-)-limonene (14-31%), 1,8-cineole (0.8-6.7%; cineole:limonene <0.5), (-)-carvone (53-65%), minor amounts of menthol (<0.5%), and the absence of isopulegole (M.arvensis!) and menthofuran (M.piperita!).\\ | The essential oil of the leaves and twigs of nana mint (Mentha spicata L. ssp.spicata, syn.Mentha viridis L. var.nanah) is characterized by higher amounts of (-)-limonene (14-31%), 1,8-cineole (0.8-6.7%; cineole:limonene <0.5), (-)-carvone (53-65%), minor amounts of menthol (<0.5%), and the absence of isopulegole (M.arvensis!) and menthofuran (M.piperita!).\\ |
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| "...(-)-carvone was the most potent odorant in all three spearmint oils. In Native spearmint oil, other potent odorants included eugenol (clove), ethyl-2-methylbutyrate (fruity), β-damascenone (applesauce), (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (tape), and methional (cooked potato). In Scotch spearmint oil, other potent odorants were eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, β-damascenone, isoeugenol, and an unknown minty odorant (RIWAX= 1719). In Macho mint oil, additional potent odorants included eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, and β-damascenone. Important odorants which remain unknown include two minty odorants (RIWAX= 1425 and 1719), a bread-like odorant (RIWAX= 1434), and an insect repellent-like odorant (RIWAX= 2366)... some compounds, such as dimethyl trisulfide and 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, had high FD factors yet were not detectable by GC-MS. This can be attributed to the low odor thresholds of these compounds. The threshold for dimethyl trisulfide is 0.01 parts per billion, and the threshold for 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is 1.2 parts per trillion (Buttery et. al., 1976; Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005). These trace potent odorants are typically overlooked due to their low concentrations, yet are significant to the overall flavor of spearmint oils." \\ | "...(-)-carvone was the most potent odorant in all three spearmint oils. In Native spearmint oil, other potent odorants included eugenol (clove), ethyl-2-methylbutyrate (fruity), β-damascenone (applesauce), (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (tape), and methional (cooked potato). In Scotch spearmint oil, other potent odorants were eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, β-damascenone, isoeugenol, and an unknown minty odorant (RIWAX= 1719). In Macho mint oil, additional potent odorants included eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, and β-damascenone. Important odorants which remain unknown include two minty odorants (RIWAX= 1425 and 1719), a bread-like odorant (RIWAX= 1434), and an insect repellent-like odorant (RIWAX= 2366)... some compounds, such as dimethyl trisulfide and 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, had high FD factors yet were not detectable by GC-MS. This can be attributed to the low odor thresholds of these compounds. The threshold for dimethyl trisulfide is 0.01 parts per billion, and the threshold for 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is 1.2 parts per trillion (Buttery et. al., 1976; Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005). These trace potent odorants are typically overlooked due to their low concentrations, yet are significant to the overall flavor of spearmint oils." \\ |
| [Kelley, Lauren. "Analysis of potent odorants in spearmint oils." (2014)] [[https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/50415/Lauren_Kelley.pdf]] | [Kelley, Lauren. "Analysis of potent odorants in spearmint oils." (2014)] [[https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/50415/Lauren_Kelley.pdf|PDF]] |
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| Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of spearmint oils showed (R)-(−)-carvone as the most potent odorant. Additional predominant odorants included eugenol, ethyl (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene. "Among the compounds quantitated, those with the highest OAVs were (R)-(−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene." \\ | Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of spearmint oils showed (R)-(−)-carvone as the most potent odorant. Additional predominant odorants included eugenol, ethyl (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene. "Among the compounds quantitated, those with the highest OAVs were (R)-(−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene." \\ |
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| "While L-carvone represents about 60-75% of spearmint oil, it doesn't provide the distinct odor and flavor of the natural spearmint oil, which in addition to L-carvone contains carveol (0.4-0.7%), carvyl acetate (1-2%), dihydrocarveol (0.1-0.2%), and dihydrocarvyl acetate (0.3-0.4%) among many other components... L-carvyl acetate and L-dihydrocarvyl acetate, are essential for creating the distinct spearmint flavor." \\ | "While L-carvone represents about 60-75% of spearmint oil, it doesn't provide the distinct odor and flavor of the natural spearmint oil, which in addition to L-carvone contains carveol (0.4-0.7%), carvyl acetate (1-2%), dihydrocarveol (0.1-0.2%), and dihydrocarvyl acetate (0.3-0.4%) among many other components... L-carvyl acetate and L-dihydrocarvyl acetate, are essential for creating the distinct spearmint flavor." \\ |
| [Kolomeyer, Gennadiy G.; Ferone, Douglas. Spearmint flavor enhancer. U.S. Patent Application Nr. 10/119,096, 2018] [[https://patents.google.com/patent/US10119096B2/en]] | [Kolomeyer, Gennadiy G.; Ferone, Douglas. Spearmint flavor enhancer. U.S. Patent Application Nr. 10/119,096, 2018] [[https://patents.google.com/patent/US10119096B2/en|US10119096B2]] |
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| {{:mantha_spicata.jpg?600}} \\ | {{:mantha_spicata.jpg?600}} \\ |
| Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata as Mentha viridis \\ | Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata as Mentha viridis \\ |
| Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3, t.252 (1893) \\ | Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3, t.252 (1893) [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659718|plantgenera.org]] |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659718]] | |
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| | {{:mentha_spic.jpg?600|}} \\ |
| | Mentha spicata, North Yorkshire, England (2025) © sophspotsspecies [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=62652|inaturalist.org]] |
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| {{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Konica_4/PICT3530.JPG}} \\ | |
| Mentha spicata; author: Rolf Marschner (2007), | |
| [[http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=95&t=2127| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] | |
