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mentha_spicata_l [2017/09/17 16:19] – andreasmentha_spicata_l [2025/11/04 08:54] (aktuell) – andreas
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 [[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24082]] [[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24082]]
  
-Perennial herb, 30-60cm tall, native to Southeast Europe and West Asia, cultivated worldwide; stems quadrangular; leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, apix acute; cylindric terminal spikes of white to pink or purplish flowers. \\ +Perennial herb, 30-60cm tall, native to Southeast Europe and West Asia, cultivated worldwide; stems quadrangular; leaves sessile or subsessile, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate, base broadly cuneate, apix acute; cylindric terminal spikes of white to pink or purplish flowers. [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200019821]]
-[[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200019821]]+
  
-"High enantiometic purity of (R)(-)-carvone was detected in the oils of spearmint from various sources." \\+"High enantiometic purity of [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] was detected in the oils of spearmint from various sources." \\
 [Chiral GC analysis of (S)(+)‐and (R)(−)‐carvone with high enantiomeric purity in caraway, dill and spearmint oils., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Katzir, I., Weinstein, V., Ikan, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 7(5), 1992, 289-292] [Chiral GC analysis of (S)(+)‐and (R)(−)‐carvone with high enantiomeric purity in caraway, dill and spearmint oils., Ravid, U., Putievsky, E., Katzir, I., Weinstein, V., Ikan, R., Flavour and fragrance journal, 7(5), 1992, 289-292]
- 
-|{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} [[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002742.html|(R)(-)-carvone]] | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} (-)-menthol | 
- 
-The most potent odorants (highest FD factor, 6-10) of a Chinese conrmint oil were isomenthone (11.2%, minty dirty leafy), menthone (22.1%, minty clean cooling), 2,5-diethyltetrahydrofuran (0.03%, pungent solvent ether), (E)-ß-damascenone (trace, fruity woody berry), 1,8-cineole (0.4%, cooling eucalyptus), menthol (34.9%, cooling minty clean), pulegone (1.5%, heavy minty dirty), ß-ionone (heavy woody fruity), eugenol (0.04%, spicy clove sweet), linalool (0.1%, floral sweet creamy), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal (leafy floral cucumber), carvone (0.2%, spearmint fruity herbal), guaiacol (sweet smoky phenolic), 4-vinylguaiacol (smoky woody sweet), and five unknown compounds.\\ 
-[Benn, Scot. „Potent odorants in peppermint and cornmint oils characterized by GC-O and AEDA.“ Perfumer & flavorist 23.5 (1998): 5-16]  
  
 Spearmint essential oil is dominated by carvone (37.7%), menthol (16.1%), limonene (15.0%), and menthone (9.7%), with smaller abundances of isomenthone (4.4%), neomenthol (2.4%), menthyl acetate (1.4%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (1.1%). Menthofuran was not found.\\ Spearmint essential oil is dominated by carvone (37.7%), menthol (16.1%), limonene (15.0%), and menthone (9.7%), with smaller abundances of isomenthone (4.4%), neomenthol (2.4%), menthyl acetate (1.4%) and cis-dihydrocarvone (1.1%). Menthofuran was not found.\\
 [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214]  [Application of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC× GC) to the Qualitative Analysis of Essential Oils. Dimandja, J. M. D., Stanfill, S. B., Grainger, J., Patterson Jr, D. G., Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol.23(3), 2000, 208-214] 
 +
 +|{{:r_carvone.jpg| carvone}} \\ (R)(-)-carvone |{{:menthone_.jpg|(-)-menthone}} \\ (-)-menthone | {{menthol_minus.jpg| (-)-menthol}} \\ (-)-menthol | {{1.8cineole.jpg| 1.8-cineole}} \\ 1.8-cineole | {{:damascenone.jpg|}} \\ (E)-β-damascenone | {{:3e5zundecatrien.jpg}} \\ (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene |
 +
 +The essential oil of the leaves and twigs of nana mint (Mentha spicata L. ssp.spicata, syn.Mentha viridis L. var.nanah) is characterized by higher amounts of (-)-limonene (14-31%), 1,8-cineole (0.8-6.7%; cineole:limonene <0.5), (-)-carvone (53-65%), minor amounts of menthol (<0.5%), and the absence of isopulegole (M.arvensis!) and menthofuran (M.piperita!).\\
 +[Wolz, Dietmar, and Gerhard Buchbauer. Aromatherapie in Wissenschaft und Praxis. Ed. Wolfgang Steflitsch. Stadelmann, 2013]
 +
 +"...(-)-carvone was the most potent odorant in all three spearmint oils. In Native spearmint oil, other potent odorants included eugenol (clove), ethyl-2-methylbutyrate (fruity), β-damascenone (applesauce), (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (tape), and methional (cooked potato). In Scotch spearmint oil, other potent odorants were eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, β-damascenone, isoeugenol, and an unknown minty odorant (RIWAX= 1719). In Macho mint oil, additional potent odorants included eugenol, (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate, and β-damascenone. Important odorants which remain unknown include two minty odorants (RIWAX= 1425 and 1719), a bread-like odorant (RIWAX= 1434), and an insect repellent-like odorant (RIWAX= 2366)... some compounds, such as dimethyl trisulfide and 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol, had high FD factors yet were not detectable by GC-MS. This can be attributed to the low odor thresholds of these compounds. The threshold for dimethyl trisulfide is 0.01 parts per billion, and the threshold for 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol is 1.2 parts per trillion (Buttery et. al., 1976; Fritsch and Schieberle, 2005). These trace potent odorants are typically overlooked due to their low concentrations, yet are significant to the overall flavor of spearmint oils." \\
 +[Kelley, Lauren. "Analysis of potent odorants in spearmint oils." (2014)] [[https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/50415/Lauren_Kelley.pdf|PDF]]
  
 Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of spearmint oils showed (R)-(−)-carvone as the most potent odorant. Additional predominant odorants included eugenol, ethyl (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene. "Among the compounds quantitated, those with the highest OAVs were (R)-(−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene." \\ Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of spearmint oils showed (R)-(−)-carvone as the most potent odorant. Additional predominant odorants included eugenol, ethyl (S)-(+)-2-methylbutanoate, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene. "Among the compounds quantitated, those with the highest OAVs were (R)-(−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-β-damascenone, and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene." \\
-[Kelley, Lauren E., and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Identification and quantitation of potent odorants in spearmint oils." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2017).]+[Kelley, Lauren E., and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Identification and quantitation of potent odorants in spearmint oils." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2017)] 
 + 
 +"While L-carvone represents about 60-75% of spearmint oil, it doesn't provide the distinct odor and flavor of the natural spearmint oil, which in addition to L-carvone contains carveol (0.4-0.7%), carvyl acetate (1-2%), dihydrocarveol (0.1-0.2%), and dihydrocarvyl acetate (0.3-0.4%) among many other components... L-carvyl acetate and L-dihydrocarvyl acetate, are essential for creating the distinct spearmint flavor." \\ 
 +[Kolomeyer, Gennadiy G.; Ferone, Douglas. Spearmint flavor enhancer. U.S. Patent Application Nr. 10/119,096, 2018] [[https://patents.google.com/patent/US10119096B2/en|US10119096B2]]  
  
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 [Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti‐androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. a randomized controlled trial. Grant, P., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.24(2), 2010, 186-188] [Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti‐androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. a randomized controlled trial. Grant, P., Phytotherapy Research, Vol.24(2), 2010, 186-188]
  
-{{:mantha_spicata.jpg?500}} \\+Investigating its pharmacological effects in the guinea pig ileum, "The effect of (−)-carvone was compared with that of the classical calcium channel blocker (CCB) verapamil... (−)-carvone reduced the contraction induced by high K+ and was almost 100 times more potent than verapamil. Thus, (−)-carvone showed a typical and potent CCB-like action. Many effects described for both (−)-carvone and spearmint oil can be explained as a CCB-like mode of action." \\ 
 +[Souza, Fábia Valéria M., et al. "(−)-Carvone: Antispasmodic effect and mode of action." Fitoterapia 85 (2013): 20-24] 
 + 
 +{{:mantha_spicata.jpg?600}} \\
 Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata as Mentha viridis \\ Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata as Mentha viridis \\
-Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3, t.252 (1893) \\ +Masclef, A., Atlas des plantes de France, vol.3, t.252 (1893) [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659718|plantgenera.org]]
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=659718]]+
  
 +{{:mentha_spic.jpg?600|}} \\
 +Mentha spicata, North Yorkshire, England (2025) © sophspotsspecies [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=62652|inaturalist.org]]
  
-{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Konica_4/PICT3530.JPG}} \\ 
-Mentha spicata; author: Rolf Marschner (2007),   
-[[http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=95&t=2127| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]] 
mentha_spicata_l.1505665191.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2017/09/17 16:19 von andreas
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