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--- mentha_pulegium_l [2017/06/28 08:10] – andreas
+++ mentha_pulegium_l [2022/04/21 12:13] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 10: / Zeile 10: @@
 [The metabolism of the abortifacient terpene,(R)-(+)-pulegone, to a proximate toxin, menthofuran., Gordon, W.P., Huitric, A.C., Seth, C.L., McClanahan, R.H., Nelson, S.D., Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 15(5), 1987, 589-594]
-"A review of cases of human intoxication with pennyroyal oil (Mentha pulegium: pulegone content 62-97%) indicate that ingestion of 10 ml resulted in moderate to severe toxicity and ingestion of greater than 15 ml (ca. 250 mg/kg bw for a 60 kg woman) resulted in death. The clinical pathology is characterised by massive
+"Pennyroyal continues to be an herbal toxin of public health importance... We report four cases of pennyroyal ingestion. One patient died, one received N-acetylcysteine, and two ingested minimally toxic amounts of pennyroyal and were not treated with N-acetylcysteine. In the fatal case, postmortem examination of a serum sample, which had been obtained 72 hours after the acute ingestion, identified 18 ng of pulegone per mL and 1 ng of menthofuran per mL. In a serum sample from the patient treated with N-acetylcysteine, which had been obtained 10 hours after ingestion, the menthofuran level was 40 ng/mL.... \\
+A review of cases of human intoxication with pennyroyal oil (Mentha pulegium: pulegone content 62-97%) indicate that ingestion of 10 ml resulted in moderate to severe toxicity and ingestion of greater than 15 ml (ca. 250 mg/kg bw for a 60 kg woman) resulted in death. The clinical pathology is characterised by massive
 centrilobular necrosis, pulmonary oedema and internal haemorrhage." \\
 [[http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out133_en.pdf]] \\
 [Pennyroyal toxicity: measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Anderson, I. B., Mullen, W. H., Meeker, J. E., Khojasteh-Bakht, S. C., Oishi, S., Nelson, S. D., Blanc, P. D., Annals of internal medicine, Vol.124(8), 1996, 726-734]
 |{{:pulegoner.jpg|(R)-(+)-pulegone}} \\ (R)-(+)-pulegone | {{:menthone_.jpg|(-)-menthone}} \\ (-)-menthone |
-"Hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L., collected from the wild and recorded for the first time from different locations in the higher Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India, provided refreshing pale-coloured essential oils with a characteristic minty flavour. Essential oils from different locations were qualitatively similar and were found to be a complex mixture of at least 45 compounds, of which 24 were identified. Eight compounds accounted for about 87-98% of the oil and were characterized as pulegone (65.9-83.1%), menthone (8.3-8.7%), isomenthone (3.8-4.0%), neo-menthol (0.7-1.3%), pulegol acetate (0.1-1.2%), piperitone (1.3-.2%), γ-terpinene (0.9-1.2%), β-caryophyllene (0.1-0.9%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (0.3-1.9%) by capillary GC, GC–MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR." \\
+"Hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L., collected from the wild and recorded for the first time from different locations in the higher Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India, provided refreshing pale-coloured essential oils with a characteristic minty flavour. Essential oils from different locations were qualitatively similar and were found to be a complex mixture of at least 45 compounds, of which 24 were identified. Eight compounds accounted for about 87-98% of the oil and were characterized as pulegone (65.9-83.1%), menthone (8.3-8.7%), isomenthone (3.8-4.0%), neo-menthol (0.7-1.3%), pulegol acetate (0.1-1.2%), piperitone (1.3-3.2%), γ-terpinene (0.9-1.2%), β-caryophyllene (0.1-0.9%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (0.3-1.9%) by capillary GC, GC-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR." \\
-[Agnihotri, V. K., Agarwal, S. G., Dhar, P. L., Thappa, R. K., Baleshwar, Kapahi, B. K., Saxena, R. K. and Qazi, G. N. (2005), Essential oil composition of Mentha pulegium L. growing wild in the north-western Himalayas India. Flavour Fragr. J., 20: 607–610. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1497]
+[Agnihotri, V. K., Agarwal, S. G., Dhar, P. L., Thappa, R. K., Baleshwar, Kapahi, B. K., Saxena, R. K. and Qazi, G. N. (2005), Essential oil composition of Mentha pulegium L. growing wild in the north-western Himalayas India. Flavour Fragr. J., 20: 607-610. doi: 10.1002/ffj.1497]
 The major component of M.pulegium collected in Morocco was piperitone (35.5%), other compounds present were piperitenone (21.1%), α-terpineol (10.8%), pulegone (6.4%), piperitone oxide (4.0%), menthol (3.2%), menthone (3.0%), neomenthol (2.8%), menthofuran (2.1%), isomenthone (1.5%), carvone (1.1%), geranyl acetate (1.0%), germacrene D (1.0%) and limonene (1.0%). \\
@@ Zeile 26: / Zeile 27: @@
 "The essential oil revealed menthone, pulegone and neo-menthol as the main constituents, comprising 35.9, 23.2 and 9.2% of the essential oil, respectively." \\
-[European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) from Portugal: Chemical composition of essential oil and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts and essential oil. [Bárbara Teixeiraa, António Marques et al. Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 36, Issue 1, March 2012, 81–87]
+[European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) from Portugal: Chemical composition of essential oil and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts and essential oil. [Bárbara Teixeiraa, António Marques et al. Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 36, Issue 1, March 2012, 81-87]
-"The chemical composition and the biological activities of Mentha pulegium leaves extracts were evaluated. The main components of M. pulegium EO were menthone (41.7%), cis-isopulegone (31.71%) and isomenthone (15.03%)." \\
+Main components of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium growing in Turkey were isomenthone (42%), pulegone (28%), piperitenone (12%) and piperitone (12%). \\
-[Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mentha pulegium Leaves Extracts against Foodborne Pathogens. Ghazghazi, Hanene and Chedia, Aouadhi and Weslati, Moufida and Trakhna, Faten and Houssine, Sebei and Abderrazak, Maaroufi and Brahim, Hasnaoui, Journal of Food Safety, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 239–246, August 2013]
+[Yasa, Hasniye, Hülya Çelik Onar, and Ayse Sergüzel Yusufoglu. "Chemical composition of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium L. from Bodrum, Turkey." Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 15.6 (2012): 1040-1043]
+"The chemical composition and the biological activities of Mentha pulegium leaves extracts were evaluated. The main components of M. pulegium EO were menthone (41.7%), cis-isopulegone (31.71%) and isomenthone (15.03%)." \\
+[Chemical Composition and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mentha pulegium Leaves Extracts against Foodborne Pathogens. Ghazghazi, Hanene and Chedia, Aouadhi and Weslati, Moufida and Trakhna, Faten and Houssine, Sebei and Abderrazak, Maaroufi and Brahim, Hasnaoui, Journal of Food Safety, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 239-246, August 2013]
 {{:mentha_pulegium.jpg?600}} \\