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--- malpighia_emarginata_dc [2017/05/08 07:20] – angelegt andreas
+++ malpighia_emarginata_dc [2018/02/24 06:18] (aktuell) – alte Version wiederhergestellt (2018/02/19 18:40) andreas
@@ Zeile 4: / Zeile 4: @@
 Evergreen shrub or tree, to 8m high, native from Mexico to Ecuador, exact native range in neotropics obscure, widely cultivated for fruit; leaves opposite, almost sessile, entire; flowers solitare or in umbels up to 4, petals white, pink, or red; fruit a drupe, red or scarlet, depressed-ovoid, 1-3 cm in diameter, acid. \\
 [[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=404858]] \\
-"M.mexicana A. Juse is grown in Mexico for its fruits... M.glabra L. (syn M. punicifolia L.). which has small insipid fruits, and grows from southern USA to South America, may be known by the name semeruco in Venezuela. Both latin names are sometimes  incorrectly used as synonyms for M.emarginata, but Memarginata and M.glabra have  very different gynoecia..." \\
+"M.mexicana A. Juse is grown in Mexico for its fruits... M.glabra L. (syn M. punicifolia L.). which has small insipid fruits, and grows from southern USA to South America, may be known by the name semeruco in Venezuela. Both latin names are sometimes  incorrectly used as synonyms for M.emarginata, but M.emarginata and M.glabra have  very different gynoecia..." \\
 [Genetic resources of tropical and sub- tropical fruits and nuts (excluding Musa), IBPGR, Rome 1986, 52-54] [[http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAW619.pdf]]
-The fruit is small and red-colored at mature stage, quite similar to a cherry, and its pulp is very juicy with a fruity and sweet flavor. It is nutritionally important due to its high vitamin C content: The fruit is found very high in ascorbic acid: 1921 mg/100 g, average of duplicate analysis, determined in the acerola crude concentrated extract; and also polyphenols: 3300mg GAE/100 g. \\
+Ascorbic acid is found e.g. 1921mg/100g, determined in the acerola crude concentrated extract. Polyphenols were also very high with 3300mgGAE/100g. \\
 [De Rosso, Veridiana V., and Adriana Z. Mercadante. "The high ascorbic acid content is the main cause of the low stability of anthocyanin extracts from acerola." Food Chemistry 103.3 (2007): 935-943] [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Veridiana_De_Rosso2/publication/222532380_The_high_ascorbic_acid_content_is_the_main_cause_of_the_low_stability_of_anthocyanin_extracts_from_acerola/links/00b49535d73bcb01eb000000.pdf]]
+Main volatile components isolated from acerola fruit by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction were  furfural, hexadecanoic acid, 3-methyl-3-butenol, and limonene. "The amounts of esters, 3-methyl-3-butenol, and their various esters were thought to contribute to the unique flavor of the acerola fruit." \\
+[Pino, Jorge A., and Rolando Marbot. "Volatile flavor constituents of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) fruit." Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 49.12 (2001): 5880-5882]
+"The fruit is small and red-colored at mature stage, quite similar to a cherry, and its pulp is very juicy, cooling and possesses a fruity and sweet flavor... Despite being very appreciated for its flavor and color, it is also nutritionally important due to its high vitamin C content (1000-4500 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of fruit... In another paper, authors identified free and glycosidically-bound flavor compounds of acerola fruit by GC and GC/MS. It was observed that among 46 compounds identified in the volatile fraction the majority were alcohols, such as 3-methyl-but-2-en-1-ol, 3-methyl-butan-1-ol and 2-methyl-butan-1-ol. There were also 42 aglycones identified for the first time in this fruit and they observed that alcohols and norisoprenoids were predominant. According to the authors, the hydrolysis of these aglycones could increase the fruity aroma of acerola." \\
+[Bicas, Juliano Lemos, et al. "Volatile constituents of exotic fruits from Brazil." Food Research International 44.7 (2011): 1843-1855] [[http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/900906/1/AA111001.pdf]]
+{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Lumix_91/P1040578.JPG}} \\
+Malpighia glabra, Palmenhaus Schönbrunn © Rolf Marschner (2018) \\
+[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=574&t=4789| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]