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--- levisticum_officinale_koch [2016/11/29 09:35] – andreas
+++ levisticum_officinale_koch [2025/11/07 10:35] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 2: / Zeile 2: @@
 lovage, **Liebstöckel**, Maggikraut
-"The exact native range is disputed; some sources cite it as native to much of Europe and southwestern Asia, others from only the eastern Mediterranean region in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, and yet others only to southwestern Asia in Iran and Afghanistan, citing European populations as naturalised. It has been long cultivated in Europe, the leaves being used as a herb, the roots as a vegetable, and the seeds as a spice, especially in southern European cuisine." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage]]
+"The exact native range is disputed; some sources cite it as native to much of Europe and southwestern Asia, others from only the eastern Mediterranean region in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, and yet others only to southwestern Asia in Iran and Afghanistan, citing European populations as naturalised. It has been long cultivated in Europe, the leaves being used as a herb, the roots as a vegetable, and the seeds as a spice, especially in southern European cuisine." [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage|wikipedia(EN)]]
-"The german term //'Maggikraut'// is due to the similarity of taste of //Maggi// seasoning with lovage, however, //Maggi// seasoning contains no lovage." [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebst%C3%B6ckel]]
+"The german term //'Maggikraut'// is due to the similarity of taste of //Maggi// seasoning with lovage, however, //Maggi// seasoning contains no lovage." [[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebst%C3%B6ckel|wikipedia(DE)]]
-Levisticum officinale radix, Levistici radix, lovage root is the dried cutted root of L.officinalis. It is used for digestive complains such as belching and bloating... Lovage root oil (0.4-1.7%) is collected by steam distillation with the aid of dimethicone (antifoams) and xylene (oil density > 1). \\
+Levisticum officinale radix, Levistici radix, lovage root is the dried cutted root of L.officinalis. It is used for digestive complains such as belching and bloating... Lovage root oil (0.4-1.7%) is collected by steam distillation with the aid of dimethicone (antifoams) and xylene (oil density > 1). [Kommentar zum DAB 10, 1994]
-[Kommentar zum DAB 10, 1994]
 "The acidic fraction of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.) revealed the characteristic seasoning-like principle of the herb... Aroma extract dilution analysis resulted in six odorants having high sensory relevance. They were identified as 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon), (E)-β-damascenone, 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2H)-furanone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and acetic acid. These odorants have not yet been reported in the literature as components of lovage. Sotolon was the key aroma compound of the acidic fraction of lovage extract due to its characteristic seasoning-like flavour and high flavour dilution factor. The concentration of sotolon was determined by a stable isotope dilution assay." \\
-[Blank, I.; Schieberle, P. Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.). Flav. Frag. J. 1993, 8, 191-195] [[http://imreblank.ch/FFJ_1993_8_195.pdf]]
+[Blank, I.; Schieberle, P. Analysis of the seasoning-like flavour substances of a commercial lovage extract (Levisticum officinale Koch.). Flav. Frag. J. 1993, 8, 191-195] [[http://imreblank.ch/FFJ_1993_8_195.pdf|PDF]]
 |{{sotolon.jpg|sotolon}} \\ sotolon |{{damascenone.jpg|(E)-β-damascenone}} \\ (E)-β-damascenone |{{hdmf.jpg|4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone}} \\ 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone |
@@ Zeile 29: / Zeile 28: @@
 Levisticum officinale extract has been recognised as GRAS (Botanicals Generally Recognized As Safe) for use as a flavour ingredient... The published data on pharmacological activities support the traditional use of preparations containing lovage root in the proposed indications. However, despite daily intake of lovage root as common vegetable, the therapeutic importance of the plant can be overestimated. Levisticum officinale
 root oil is relatively nontoxic following acute exposure both by oral or topical administration... Lovage root use is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, some concern is needed with UV radiation exposure due to furanocoumarins photoactivation." \\
-[Assessment report on Levisticum officinale Koch, radix EMA/HMPC/524623/2011] \\
+[Assessment report on Levisticum officinale Koch, radix EMA/HMPC/524623/2011] [[http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/05/WC500126833.pdf|PDF]]
-[[http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2012/05/WC500126833.pdf]]
+{{:levisticum_officinale.jpg?700}} \\
+Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.82 (1891-1895)  [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=601423|plantgenera.org]]
+{{:levisticum_off.jpg?700|}} \\
+Levisticum officinale, Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock, Germany (2025) © Stefan [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]] [[https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon_id=59432|inaturalist.org]]
-{{:levisticum_officinale.jpg?500}} \\
-Kohl, F.G., Die officinellen Pflanzen der Pharmacopoea Germanica, t.82 (1891-1895)  \\
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=601423]]