| Beide Seiten der vorigen RevisionVorhergehende Überarbeitung | |
| juniperus_oxycedrus_l [2023/04/25 21:23] – andreas | juniperus_oxycedrus_l [2025/11/15 11:52] (aktuell) – andreas |
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| Main volatile components of a commercial cade oil ('juniper tar', essential oil obtained by pyrolisis of the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus) were cadinene (12.7%), guaiacol (7.1%), calamenene (2.3%), α-muurolene (2.0%), calacorene (2.0%), 4-ethyl guaiacol (1.9%), cadalene (1.7%), cadina-1,4-diene (1.4%), β-caryophyllene (1.3%), and 5-methylfurfural (1.2%). \\ | Main volatile components of a commercial cade oil ('juniper tar', essential oil obtained by pyrolisis of the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus) were cadinene (12.7%), guaiacol (7.1%), calamenene (2.3%), α-muurolene (2.0%), calacorene (2.0%), 4-ethyl guaiacol (1.9%), cadalene (1.7%), cadina-1,4-diene (1.4%), β-caryophyllene (1.3%), and 5-methylfurfural (1.2%). \\ |
| [Divine essence / UNION NATURE AROMA-PHYTO INC. Organic Cade Essential Oil MP-05-0098, 2015] [[https://divineessence.com/en/product/cade-juniper-tar-oil/]] | [[https://divineessence.com/en/product/cade-juniper-tar-oil/|Divine essence / UNION NATURE AROMA-PHYTO INC. Organic Cade Essential Oil MP-05-0098, 2015]] |
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| | {{:guaiacol.jpg| guaiacol}} \\ guaiacol| {{:thymoquinone.jpg| thymoquinone }} \\ thymoquinone|{{:cedrol.jpg| α-cedrol}} \\ α-cedrol| | | {{:guaiacol.jpg| guaiacol}} \\ guaiacol| {{:thymoquinone.jpg| thymoquinone }} \\ thymoquinone|{{:cedrol.jpg| α-cedrol}} \\ α-cedrol| |
| The leaf oil of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp.macrocarpa (0.03-0.13%) from Turkey contained mainly manoyl oxide (7.7-21.9%), α-pinene (7.2-11.1%), α-cedrol (2.3-9.7%), widdrene (2.1-5.7%), α-muurolene (4.1-4.8%), trans-verbenol (1.7-4.3%), germacrene D (1.5-4.1%), δ-cadinene (3.2-3.8 %), α-campholene aldehyde (1.7-3.2%), trans-pinocarveol (1.5-3.0%), cubebol (1.4-2.4%), caryophyllene oxide (1.5-1.9%), δ-cadinene (1.0-1.8%), β-caryophyllene (0.7-1.8%), and epi-cubebol (1.0-1.4%). \\ | The leaf oil of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp.macrocarpa (0.03-0.13%) from Turkey contained mainly manoyl oxide (7.7-21.9%), α-pinene (7.2-11.1%), α-cedrol (2.3-9.7%), widdrene (2.1-5.7%), α-muurolene (4.1-4.8%), trans-verbenol (1.7-4.3%), germacrene D (1.5-4.1%), δ-cadinene (3.2-3.8 %), α-campholene aldehyde (1.7-3.2%), trans-pinocarveol (1.5-3.0%), cubebol (1.4-2.4%), caryophyllene oxide (1.5-1.9%), δ-cadinene (1.0-1.8%), β-caryophyllene (0.7-1.8%), and epi-cubebol (1.0-1.4%). \\ |
| [Sezik, E., et al. "Composition of the essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa from Turkey." Chemistry of natural compounds 41.3 (2005): 352-354] | [Sezik, E., et al. "Composition of the essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa from Turkey." Chemistry of natural compounds 41.3 (2005): 352-354] |
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| "J. oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus berry oil was characterised by high contents of α-pinene (27.4%) and β-myrcene (18.9%). Other important compounds were α-phellandrene (7.1%), limonene (6.7%), epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (2.3%) and δ-cadinene (2.2%) while, in the wood oil, δ-cadinene (14.5%) is a major main component, together with cis-thujopsene (9.2%) and α-muurolene (4.9%)." \\ | "J. oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus berry oil was characterised by high contents of α-pinene (27.4%) and β-myrcene (18.9%). Other important compounds were α-phellandrene (7.1%), limonene (6.7%), epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (2.3%) and δ-cadinene (2.2%) while, in the wood oil, δ-cadinene (14.5%) is a major main component, together with cis-thujopsene (9.2%) and α-muurolene (4.9%)." \\ |
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| Moroccan medicinal tars (including Cade oil/juniper tar) are reddish-brown liquids with smoky odour, which are traditionally produced through pyrolysis of trunks or roots of different coniferous trees, e.g. Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus thurifera, Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica. Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in mineral oil tars, but wether the wood tars nor hydrodistilled oils thereof showed PAHs (GC-MS). It is suspected that products sold as 'cade oil' elsewhere (Spain/worldwide) contain mixed oils from different species of trees. \\ | Moroccan medicinal tars (including Cade oil/juniper tar) are reddish-brown liquids with smoky odour, which are traditionally produced through pyrolysis of trunks or roots of different coniferous trees, e.g. Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus thurifera, Tetraclinis articulata and Cedrus atlantica. Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in mineral oil tars, but wether the wood tars nor hydrodistilled oils thereof showed PAHs (GC-MS). It is suspected that products sold as 'cade oil' elsewhere (Spain/worldwide) contain mixed oils from different species of trees. \\ |
| [Lindborg, Marcus. "GC-MS analysis for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Moroccan medicinal tars: An ethnobotanical study and chemical investigation of the use and safety of medicinal tars in Marrakesh and the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco." (2008)] [[http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/858/MFS-136lindborg-marcus.pdf]] | [Lindborg, Marcus. "GC-MS analysis for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Moroccan medicinal tars: An ethnobotanical study and chemical investigation of the use and safety of medicinal tars in Marrakesh and the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco." (2008)] [[http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/858/MFS-136lindborg-marcus.pdf|PDF]] |
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| Phenol is the most toxic component of J.oxycedrus wood oil and responsible for the majority of systemic toxic symptoms. "Systemic toxicity is multi visceral and explained by the formation of cytotoxic metabolites (semi-quinone radicals), when the amount ingested absorbed exceeds the capacity of hepatic conjugation... poisoning caused convulsions, collapsus, acute pulmonary oedema, renal failure and hepatotoxicity." \\ | Phenol is the most toxic component of J.oxycedrus wood oil and responsible for the majority of systemic toxic symptoms. "Systemic toxicity is multi visceral and explained by the formation of cytotoxic metabolites (semi-quinone radicals), when the amount ingested absorbed exceeds the capacity of hepatic conjugation... poisoning caused convulsions, collapsus, acute pulmonary oedema, renal failure and hepatotoxicity." \\ |
| [Achour, S., Abourazzak, S., Mokhtari, A., Soulaymani, A., Soulaymani, R., & Hida, M. (2011). Juniper tar (cade oil) poisoning in new born after a cutaneous application. BMJ case reports, 2011, bcr0720114427] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207742/]] | [Achour, S., Abourazzak, S., Mokhtari, A., Soulaymani, A., Soulaymani, R., & Hida, M. (2011). Juniper tar (cade oil) poisoning in new born after a cutaneous application. BMJ case reports, 2011, bcr0720114427] [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207742/|PDF]] |
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| {{:juniperus_oxycedrus.jpg?600}} \\ | |
| Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.3 t.79 (1890) \\ | |
| [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=570731]] | |
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| | {{:juniperus_oxycedrus.jpg?700}} \\ |
| | Köhler, F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.3 t.79 (1890) [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=570731|plantgenera.org]] |
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| {{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg/1280px-Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg}} \\ | {{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg/1280px-Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg}} \\ |
| Juniperus oxycedrus, Sa Talaia ~100m, Ibiza \\ | Juniperus oxycedrus, Sa Talaia, Ibiza [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]] © Tigerente [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en|CC BY-SA 3.0]] |
| [[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juniperus_oxycedrus_Ibiza.jpg|Wikimedia Commons]], Author: Tigerente [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en|CC BY-SA 3.0]] | |
