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--- jasminum_grandiflorum_l [2017/08/28 11:46] – andreas
+++ jasminum_grandiflorum_l [2023/10/15 08:18] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 13: / Zeile 13: @@
 [Anac, Olcay. "Gas chromatographic analysis of absolutes and volatile oil isolated from Turkish and foreign jasmine concretes." Flavour and fragrance journal 1.3 (1986): 115-119]
-The comparative headspace analysis of living vs. picked J.grandiflorum flowers showed interesting varaiation of constituents (living/picked): 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (0.2/0%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (0.2/0%), (Z,E)-ocimene (0.2/1.1%), benzyl alcohol (0/4%), benzyl acetate (60/40%), linalool (3/30%), indole (11/2%), cis-jasmone (3/0%), 3,5-dimethyl 2-ethylpyrazine (0/0.5%), methyl jasmonate (0.3/0%). \\
+The comparative headspace analysis of J.grandiflorum flowers showed a very interesting variation of constituents. One can easily see the drastic difference between the living and picked flowers (living/picked): 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (0.2/0%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (0.2/0%), (Z,E)-ocimene (0.2/1.1%), benzyl alcohol (0/4%), benzyl acetate (60/40%), linalool (3/30%), indole (11/2%), cis-jasmone (3/0%), 3,5-dimethyl 2-ethylpyrazine (0/0.5%), methyl jasmonate (0.3/0%). \\
-[The chemistry of flowers, fruits and spices: live vs. dead-a new dimension in fragrance research., Mookherjee, B.D., Trenkle, R.W., Wilson, R.A., Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.62(7), 1990, 1357-1364] [[http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1990/pdf/6207x1357.pdf]]
+[Mookherjee BD et al., "Fruits and Flowers: Live vs Dead - Which do we want?", in: Nishimura, O. "Flavors and Fragrances, a world perspective." Proceedings of the 10th international congress of essential oils, fragrances and flavors, Washington, DC. Vol. 375. 1986, 415-424] \\
+[The chemistry of flowers, fruits and spices: live vs. dead-a new dimension in fragrance research., Mookherjee, B.D., Trenkle, R.W., Wilson, R.A., Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol.62(7), 1990, 1357-1364] [[http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1990/pdf/6207x1357.pdf]]
 | {{:jasmone_cis.jpg| cis-jasmone }} \\ cis-jasmone | {{:jasmonate_methyl_m.jpg| methyl trans-(Z)-jasmonate }} \\ methyl trans-(Z)-jasmonate \\ ((-)-methyl jasmonate) | {{:jasmonate_methyl_epi.jpg| (+)-epi-methyl jasmonate }} \\ (+)-epi-methyl jasmonate | {{:jasmolactone_deltaminus.jpg| (-)-δ-jasmolactone}} \\ (-)-δ-jasmolactone |
@@ Zeile 20: / Zeile 21: @@
 The headspace of J.grandiflorum cultivated in Grasse contained maltol, which contributes an attractive and characteristic 'jammy' note to the flower scent. \\
 [Joulain, Daniel. "Flower scents from the Pacific." Chemistry & biodiversity 5.6 (2008): 896-909]
+The only constituents >1.5% in the vacuum headspace sample of J.officinale subsp.grandiflorum were benzyl acetate (52.2%), benzyl alcohol (3.2%), and linalool (17.3%). Interesting minor constituents were e.g. p-cresol (0.7%), methyl benzoate (0.7%), methyl salicylate (0.4%), indole (1.2), and (Z)-jasmone (0.5%). \\
+[Braun, Norbert A., et al. „Jasminum flexile Flower Absolute from India–a Detailed Comparison with Three Other Jasmine Absolutes.“ Natural product communications 4.9 (2009): 1934578×0900400917.]
 J.grandiflorum flowers yield 0.2% concrete and from that, 0.1% absolute (8 million flowers = 1000kg give 2.3kg concrete and 1kg absolute). Main components are benzyl acetate (34%), benzyl benzoate (24%), benzyl alcohol (5%), linalool (8%), cis-jasmone (3%), and 1H-indole (2.5%), which together total more than 75% (as shown by works from Albert Hesse and Friedrich Müller 1899-1904). Additional 94 trace compounds that contribute to the typical odor of jasmine absolute have been identified, like p-cresol, geraniol, (E,E)-farnesol, (+)-(R,E)-nerolidol, α-terpineol, and vanillin. The methyl jasmonates (-)-methyl jasmonate (1.7%) and (+)-epi-methyl jasmonate (0.2%; 400 times more potent then the former) comprise the odorous principle of jasmine. δ-Jasmolactone ([[http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1038021.html|6-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one]], 1.5%) contributes with pleasant sweet floral fruity notes to the character of jasmine absolute. \\
@@ Zeile 28: / Zeile 32: @@
 [Nicolas Baldovini, Jean-Jacques Filippi, "Natural Fragrant Raw Materials" in: Buettner, Andrea, ed. Springer Handbook of Odor. Springer, 2017, 45; lit. cit.]
-{{:jasminum_grandiflorum.jpg?500}} \\
+Using a total of 14 commercial samples of J. grandiflorum flower absolutes from India, Egypt and Morocco, a composition range of the absolutes was established for the 3 main J. grandiflorum flower grower countries. The 12 main ingredients in the absolutes showed great variations: Linalool (2.0-6.9%), benzyl acetate (15.7-27.6%), indole (0.3-4.9%), (Z)-jasmone (1.2-5.7%), benzyl benzoate (8.8-25.5%), isophytol (4.7-8.2%), geranyllinalool (1.2-3.8%), methyl linoleate (1.7-4.8%), (E)-phytol (4.8-16.8%), (E)-phytyl acetate (2.9-6.8%), squalene (1.7-4.9%), 2,3-epoxy squalene (0.7-11.0%). \\
+[Braun, Norbert A., and Sherina Sim. "Jasminum grandiflorum: influence of flower processing and geographic origin on flower absolute composition." Natural Product Communications 15.10 (2020): 1934578X20960998.]
+{{:jasminum_grandiflorum.jpg?600}} \\
 Jasminum grandiflorum L., Malati, Botanical Register, vol. 2: t. 91 (1816) [S. Edwards] \\ [[http://www.plantillustrations.org/illustration.php?id_illustration=96958]]
+{{:jasminum_grandiflorum_flowers.jpg}}\\
+Jasminum grandiflorum L. © Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste \\
+Comune di Noto, cortile di Palazzo Landolina, SR, Sicilia, Italia, 06/07/2018 \\
+picture by Andrea Moro [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/|CC BY-SA 4.0]],  [[http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub26?spez=5582]]
+VIDEO: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1WJPcBPJSQ|Jasminum grandiflorum from Egypt]] (IFF-LMR)