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--- ilex_paraguariensis_a._st._hil [2015/10/22 15:57] – andreas
+++ ilex_paraguariensis_a._st._hil [2017/04/13 07:26] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 19: / Zeile 19: @@
 [Assessment report on . Ilex paraguariensis. St. Hilaire, folium EMA/HMPC/580545/2008, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), 2010] [[http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_HMPC_assessment_report/2011/02/WC500102100.pdf]]
-"Numerous active phytochemicals have been identified in Mate tea that may be responsible for its health benefits. Among them, the 2 highest compounds are the polyphenols (chlorogenic acid) and xanthines (caffeine and theobromine), followed by purine alkaloids (caffeic acid, 3, 4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin), amino acids, minerals (P, Fe, and Ca), and vitamins (C, B1, and B2). Not only has Mate tea been shown to contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds, it has also been shown to be cytotoxic to human cancer hepatoma cells (HepG2), and can act as a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II." \\
+"Numerous active phytochemicals have been identified in Mate tea that may be responsible for its health benefits. Among them, the 2 highest compounds are the polyphenols (chlorogenic acid) and xanthines (caffeine and theobromine), followed by purine alkaloids (caffeic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin), amino acids, minerals (P, Fe, and Ca), and vitamins (C, B1, and B2). Not only has Mate tea been shown to contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds, it has also been shown to be cytotoxic to human cancer hepatoma cells (HepG2), and can act as a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II." \\
 [Heck, C. I., De Mejia, E. G., Yerba Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis): a comprehensive review on chemistry, health implications, and technological considerations. Journal of Food Science, Vol.72(9), 2007, 138-151]
 [[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00535.x/full]]
-"Despite the health promoting properties of mate and other herbal teas, their characteristic flavours are still not well characterized. However, recent application of increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques, such as GC–MS, GC × GC, and GC × GC-qMS, have resulted in the identification of an array of volatile compounds in mate and other herbal tea infusions. The composition of these compounds was varied and depended on the manufacturing process and the starting raw materials. In the case of mate tea, the 10 main compounds identified were linalool, α-ionone, β-ionone, α-terpineol, octanoic acid, geraniol, 1-octanol, nerolidol, geranylacetone and eugenol. While these compounds have similarly been identified in Camellia sinensis, other herbal teas were characterized by the presence of a wide range of terpenes such as guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, eugenol, citral, phenol, carvone, menthol, 1,8-cineole and citronellyl acetate. It is noteworthy that significant numbers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants were identified in several of the mate tea infusions." \\
+"Despite the health promoting properties of mate and other herbal teas, their characteristic flavours are still not well characterized. However, recent application of increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques, such as GC-MS, GC × GC, and GC × GC-qMS, have resulted in the identification of an array of volatile compounds in mate and other herbal tea infusions. The composition of these compounds was varied and depended on the manufacturing process and the starting raw materials. In the case of mate tea, the 10 main compounds identified were linalool, α-ionone, β-ionone, α-terpineol, octanoic acid, geraniol, 1-octanol, nerolidol, geranylacetone and eugenol. While these compounds have similarly been identified in Camellia sinensis, other herbal teas were characterized by the presence of a wide range of terpenes such as guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, eugenol, citral, phenol, carvone, menthol, 1,8-cineole and citronellyl acetate. It is noteworthy that significant numbers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants were identified in several of the mate tea infusions." \\
 [Lasekan, O., Lasekan, A., Flavour chemistry of mate and some common herbal teas. Trends in Food Science & Technology, Vol.27(1), 2012, 37-46]
+Of 35 major volatile compounds identified by GC-MS in 18 yerba mate commercial brands from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, 16 odor active compounds were detected by GC-O analysis: Myrcene (herbaceous, sweet), octanal (citrus), 1-octen-3-one (mushroom), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (mossy), (Z)-linalool oxide furanoid (flowery), (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal (nutty), (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal (nutty), (E,Z)-3,5-octadien-2-one (mushroom)
+(E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (mushroom), linalool (flowery), geranial (flowery), nerol (sweet), β-damascenone (apple), α-ionone (flowery), β-ionone (sweet), and (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal (oxidized, metallic). \\
+[Márquez, Victoria, et al. "Characterization of aroma-impact compounds in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) using GC-olfactometry and GC-MS." Food research international 53.2 (2013): 808-815]
 {{:ilex_paraguariensis.jpg?500}} \\
 Köhler,F.E., Medizinal Pflanzen, vol.3, t.60 (1890) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=550016]]