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--- heliotropium_arborescens_l [2015/03/11 17:30] – andreas
+++ heliotropium_arborescens_l [2025/11/24 15:15] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 7: / Zeile 7: @@
 [Flavors of Heliotrope Flowers, Analyzed by Solid Phase Microextraction Method. Hisano H, Ishimaru K, Tada H, Ikeda Y. Japanese Journal of Food Chemistry 2 (1), 6-8, 1995-10-01]
-"The majority of the volatile compounds emanating from the flowers were terpenes (camphene,p-cymene, δ-3-carene, α-humulene, δ-1-limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, and β-thujone), benzenoids of which
+"The majority of the volatile compounds emanating from the flowers were terpenes (camphene, p-cymene, δ-3-carene, α-humulene, δ-1-limonene, linalool, (E)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, and β-thujone), benzenoids of which
  benzaldehyde was the most abundant, aldehydes (decanal, heptanal, nonanal and octanal), and hydrocarbons decane, heneicosane, heptadecane, hexadecane, nonadecane, nonane, octadecane, tetradecane, tridecane and undecane) along with a cross-section of other compounds." \\
-[Volatile Floral Chemistry of Heliotropium arborescens L. ‘Marine’. Stanley J. Kays, Jason Hatch, and Dong Sik Yang, Hort Science 40(5):1237–1238. 2005] \\
+[Volatile Floral Chemistry of Heliotropium arborescens L. ‘Marine’. Stanley J. Kays, Jason Hatch, and Dong Sik Yang, Hort Science 40(5):1237-1238. 2005] [[http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/5/1237.full.pdf|PDF]]
-[[http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/5/1237.full.pdf]]
-{{:helio_c.jpg?500}} \\
+|{{:benzaldehyde.jpg|benzaldehyde}} \\ benzaldehyde | {{:anis_vanillin.jpg|}} \\ vanillin (R=OH) \\ anisaldehyde (R=H) | {{:anisylalc_ac.jpg|}} \\ anisyl alcohol (R=H) \\ anisyl acetate (R=Ac) |{{:phenylethanol.jpg| 2-phenylethanol}} \\ 2-phenylethanol |
-Heliotropium arborescens L. [as Heliotropium corymbosum Ruiz & Pavon] \\
-Bonpland, A., Description des plantes rares cultivées à Malmaison et à Navarre, t.32 (1831) [P.J. Redouté] \\
-[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=504397]]
-{{:20140528_heliotrop.jpg?600|}}
+Although heliotropin (or piperonal) resembles the scent of the flowers (as the name says, trade name by 'Haarmann und Reimer', 1878), there is no trace of this compound present in the headspace. Main volatile compounds emitted by the flowers are benzyl alcohol (21.5%), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (17.8%), hexanal (14.8%), p-anisaldehyde (11.0%), 2-phenylethanol (7.3%), benzaldehyde (5.3%), (E)-2-hexenal (4.3%), 1-hexanol (4.3%), 3-phenylpropanol (3.3%), and anisyl alcohol (1.1%). There are more than 50 compounds found in concentration below 1%, such as e.g. 2-methyl butanal, 3-methyl butanal, methional, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, anisole, 4-ethyl 2-butenolide, methyl salicylate, decanal, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, (E)-cinnamyl alcohol, methyl anisate, vanillin, benzyl isovalerate, benzyl 2-methylbutyrate, methyl eugenol, anisyl acetate, (E)-cinnamyl acetate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-oxo-α-ionone. \\
+A dynamic headspace extraction with a PDMS polymer as trapping device showed the major components to be benzaldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. \\
+[Heliotropin, heliotrope odor and Tahitian vanilla flavor: the end of a saga?., Joulain, D., Laurent, R., Masson, J., Beolor, J. C., Brevard, H., Natural Product Communications, 2(3), 2007, 305-308.]
+{{:helio_c.jpg?700}} \\
+Heliotropium arborescens L. [as Heliotropium corymbosum Ruiz & Pavon] \\
+Bonpland, A., Description des plantes rares cultivées à Malmaison et à Navarre, t.32 (1831) [P.J. Redouté]
+[[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=504397|plantgenera.org]]
+{{:dsc03732k.jpg}} \\
+Heliotropium arborescens, Nizza, France (2016) © Andreas Kraska [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/|CC BY-SA 3.0]]