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--- harpagophytum_procumbens_burch._dc._ex_meisn [2015/10/05 14:35] – andreas
+++ harpagophytum_procumbens_burch._dc._ex_meisn [2015/10/05 14:55] (aktuell) – andreas
@@ Zeile 6: / Zeile 6: @@
 [[http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/harpagophytum-procumbens-devils-claw]]
-The sliced and dried secondary roots (devils claw root, Harpagophyti radix) are used as bitter tonic, anzi-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and weak analgesic. " Iridoid glycosides (or their metabolties) inhibit cyclooxygenase, which explains the slight analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The bitter taste (and possibly the value in treating digestive disturbances) is due to the iridoid glycosides." \\
+The sliced and dried secondary roots (devils claw root, Harpagophyti radix) are used as bitter tonic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, and weak analgesic. " Iridoid glycosides (or their metabolties) inhibit cyclooxygenase, which explains the slight analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The bitter taste (and possibly the value in treating digestive disturbances) is due to the iridoid glycosides." \\
 [Medicinal Plants of the World. Ben-Erik Van Wyk and Michael Wink, Pretoria 2004, 165]
-"However, some reports on the anti-inflammatory effect of H. procumbens extracts are inconsistent, and differences had widely been attributed to the extraction procedure, geographical source of the crude drug and the fractions of constituents. The inhibitory effect on COX-2 expression was determined for an ethanol extract of H. procumbens tubers and its major active components, [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Harpagoside|harpagoside]], [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/93045|harpagide]], 8-p-coumaroylharpagide and acteoside, following application to freshly excised porcine skin. The extract showed promising activity in the Western blot and immunocytochemical assays, and harpagide caused a significant increase in the levels of COX-2 expression 6 h post application. Harpagoside and 8-p-coumaroylharpagide caused greater reductions in COX-2 expression than acteoside. Results indicated that the efficacy of H. procumbens was dependent on the ratios of the four major active compounds present. This is not congruent with the current official monograph specifications based solely on harpagoside... \\
+"However, some reports on the anti-inflammatory effect of H. procumbens extracts are inconsistent, and differences had widely been attributed to the extraction procedure, geographical source of the crude drug and the fractions of constituents. The inhibitory effect on COX-2 expression was determined for an ethanol extract of H. procumbens tubers and its major active components, [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Harpagoside|harpagoside]], [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/93045|harpagide]], 8-p-coumaroylharpagide and [[http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Acteoside|acteoside]], following application to freshly excised porcine skin. The extract showed promising activity in the Western blot and immunocytochemical assays, and harpagide caused a significant increase in the levels of COX-2 expression 6 h post application. Harpagoside and 8-p-coumaroylharpagide caused greater reductions in COX-2 expression than acteoside. Results indicated that the efficacy of H. procumbens was dependent on the ratios of the four major active compounds present. This is not congruent with the current official monograph specifications based solely on harpagoside... \\
 Iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides have been the focus of phytochemical investigations as the biological activity has been ascribed to the iridoid glycosides (such as harpagoside and harpagide), which are common in nature and are known to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, it has been shown that the hydrolysed products of harpagoside and harpagide have more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the unhydrolysed compounds." \\
 [Devil's Claw-A review of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activity of Harpagophytum procumbens., Mncwangi, N., Chen, W., Vermaak, I., Viljoen, A.M., Gericke, N., Journal of ethnopharmacology, 143(3), 2012, 755-771]