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ginkgo_biloba_l [2015/12/16 13:37] – andreasginkgo_biloba_l [2022/06/21 08:16] (aktuell) – andreas
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 Dioecious tree, up to 40m high, native to China, Japan, Korea, widely cultivated as ornamental in Europe, North America; leaves pale green, turning bright yellow in autumn, unique formed, "... those on long branchlets divided by a deep, apical sinus into 2 lobes each further dissected, those on short branchlets with undulate distal and margin notched apex... Ginkgo biloba is now a rare species in the wild, but has been widely cultivated as an ornamental, probably for more than 3000 years. It provides shade and is tolerant of a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions, including pollution. It is sacred to Buddhists and is often planted near temples. The wood is used in furniture making, the leaves are medicinal and used for pesticides, the roots are used as a cure for leucorrhea, the seeds are edible, and the bark yields tannin." [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005235]] Dioecious tree, up to 40m high, native to China, Japan, Korea, widely cultivated as ornamental in Europe, North America; leaves pale green, turning bright yellow in autumn, unique formed, "... those on long branchlets divided by a deep, apical sinus into 2 lobes each further dissected, those on short branchlets with undulate distal and margin notched apex... Ginkgo biloba is now a rare species in the wild, but has been widely cultivated as an ornamental, probably for more than 3000 years. It provides shade and is tolerant of a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions, including pollution. It is sacred to Buddhists and is often planted near temples. The wood is used in furniture making, the leaves are medicinal and used for pesticides, the roots are used as a cure for leucorrhea, the seeds are edible, and the bark yields tannin." [[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005235]]
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 +"In the fall female trees produce yellow-orange fruits with a thick fleshy layer surrounding an edible kernel. The odor of these fruits is described as putrid. This study identified the odorous principles as high levels of butanoic and hexanoic acids." \\
 +[Parliment, Thomas H. "Characterization of the putrid aroma compounds of Ginkgo biloba fruits." 1995. 276-279]
 +
 +Fallen fruit-like seeds of female trees emit a very strong odor of butyric acid. But "...just touch once young Ginkgo leaves and you will experience the standard for a 'green leaf scent', which... is strongly dominated by the famous C6 lipid metabolites (Z)-hex-3-enal (14.0%), (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol (54.5%), and (Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl (Z)-hex-3-enoate (0.3%)..." \\
 +[Scent of a vanishing flora, Roman Kaiser, 2011, 38-39 and 363]
 +
 +----
  
 Special standardised leaf extracts show effects like inhibition of acetylcholin esterase and platelet activating factor. They are used to treat the symptoms of various forms of cerebrovascular insufficiency and dementia like disturbed concentration and memory loss. \\ Special standardised leaf extracts show effects like inhibition of acetylcholin esterase and platelet activating factor. They are used to treat the symptoms of various forms of cerebrovascular insufficiency and dementia like disturbed concentration and memory loss. \\
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 In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 3069 volunteers aged 75 years or older, Ginkgo biloba at 120 mg twice a day was not effective in reducing either the overall incidence rate of dementia or Alzheimer disease (AD) incidence in elderly individuals with normal cognition or those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). \\ In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 3069 volunteers aged 75 years or older, Ginkgo biloba at 120 mg twice a day was not effective in reducing either the overall incidence rate of dementia or Alzheimer disease (AD) incidence in elderly individuals with normal cognition or those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). \\
-[DeKosky, S. T., Williamson, J. D., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Kronmal, R. A., Ives, D. G., Saxton, J. A., ... & Kuller, L. H. (2008). Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 300(19), 2253-2262.]+[Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial., DeKosky, S.T., Williamson, J.D., Fitzpatrick, A.L., Kronmal, R.A., Ives, D.G., Saxton, J.A., Kuller, L.H., Jama, 300(19), 2009, 2253-2262] [[http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/data/Journals/JAMA/4440/joc80114_2253_2262.pdf]]
  
 "Compared with placebo, the use of G biloba, 120 mg twice daily, did not result in less cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment." \\ "Compared with placebo, the use of G biloba, 120 mg twice daily, did not result in less cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment." \\
-[Snitz, B. E., O’Meara, E. S., Carlson, M. C., Arnold, A. M., Ives, D. G., Rapp, S. R., ... & DeKosky, S. T. (2009). Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. Jama, 302(24), 2663-2670.]+[Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial., Snitz, B.E., O’Meara, E.S., Carlson, M.C., Arnold, A.M., Ives, D.G., Rapp, S.R., DeKosky, S.T., Jama, 302(24), 2009, 2663-2670]
  
 Extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves could be standardised to flavanoid (22-27%, mainly quercetin and kaempferol) and terpenic trilactones content (5-7%, including [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgolide|ginkgolides]] A,B,C 2.8-3.4% and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilobalide|bilabolid]] 2.6-3.2%). [DAB 2010] Extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves could be standardised to flavanoid (22-27%, mainly quercetin and kaempferol) and terpenic trilactones content (5-7%, including [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgolide|ginkgolides]] A,B,C 2.8-3.4% and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilobalide|bilabolid]] 2.6-3.2%). [DAB 2010]
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 [Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis., Weinmann, S., Roll, S., Schwarzbach, C., Vauth, C., Willich, S.N., BMC geriatrics, 10(1), 2010, 14] [[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2318/10/14]]   [Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis., Weinmann, S., Roll, S., Schwarzbach, C., Vauth, C., Willich, S.N., BMC geriatrics, 10(1), 2010, 14] [[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2318/10/14]]  
  
-{{:ginkgo_biloba.jpg?500}} \\+In the randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled GuidAge clinical trial (5 years, 2854 participants), long-term use of standardised ginkgo biloba extract did not reduce the risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease compared with placebo. \\ 
 +[Long-term use of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial., Vellas, B., Coley, N., Ousset, P.J., Berrut, G., Dartigues, J.F., Dubois, B., Touchon, J., The Lancet Neurology, 11(10), 2012, 851-859] 
 + 
 +{{:ginkgo_biloba.jpg?600}} \\
 Ginkgo biloba L. as Salisburia adiantifolia Sm.; Siebold, P.F. von, Zuccarini, J.G., Flora Japonica, t.136 (1875) \\ Ginkgo biloba L. as Salisburia adiantifolia Sm.; Siebold, P.F. von, Zuccarini, J.G., Flora Japonica, t.136 (1875) \\
 [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=465639]] [[http://plantgenera.org/species.php?id_species=465639]]
 +
 +
 +{{http://www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at/Bilder/Konica_5/PICT3291.JPG}} \\
 +Ginkgo biloba \\ © Rolf Marschner (2008),  
 +[[http://botanische-spaziergaenge.at/viewtopic.php?f=212&t=361| www.botanische-spaziergaenge.at]]
ginkgo_biloba_l.1450273043.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2015/12/16 13:37 von andreas
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